Owners of household appliances are often faced with the need to find out the exact model of the refrigerant used, especially when the compressor stops coping with cooling or scheduled maintenance is required. The question of what the refrigerator is filled with Ekois fundamental for any craftsman or home craftsman planning a repair, since the use of inappropriate gas may not only not eliminate the malfunction, but also disable expensive equipment forever.
Modern models of the Turkish brand Beko are designed with taking into account strict environmental standards, therefore substances that are safe for the ozone layer circulate in their circuits. Understanding the chemical composition and physical properties of the working fluid is necessary for the correct selection of tools, oils and system diagnostic methods. In this article we will analyze in detail the technical characteristics of the freons used, their differences and features of operation in cooling circuits.
Knowledge of the exact gas labeling allows you to avoid critical errors when refueling, since mixing different types of refrigerants is strictly prohibited. Marking usually indicated on a special label located on the back wall or inside the chamber, and ignoring this data leads to unstable operation of the compressor. Let's look at the main types of gases used by the manufacturer in different series of equipment.
⚠️ Attention: Before starting any work with the refrigeration circuit, make sure that you have the necessary skills and tools. Unprofessional intervention in the refrigerant circulation system can be hazardous to health and lead to complete breakdown of the unit.
Main types of refrigerants in Beko equipment
The range of refrigeration equipment Veko covers many models, from compact minibars to large Side-by-Side systems, and depending on the year of manufacture and energy efficiency class, they use different types of gases. The most common in modern household models is isobutane, also known as R600a. This substance belongs to the class of hydrocarbons and has excellent refrigeration properties with minimal impact on the environment.
In older models or in some specific series intended for certain markets, you can find R134a. This freon belongs to the group of hydrofluorocarbons and has long been considered an industry standard, although it is now gradually giving way to more environmentally friendly analogues. The choice of a specific type of gas by the design engineer is determined by heat transfer calculations, chamber volume and the type of compressor used.
It is important to understand that replacing one type of freon with another in a domestic environment is impossible without completely re-soldering the system and changing the oilas they require different lubricants and have different operating pressures. Using the wrong gas will lead to overheating of the compressor, the formation of ice plugs in the capillary, or even an explosive situation in the case of flammable gases.
Features of using isobutane R600a
Refrigerant R600a has become dominant in the production of refrigerators Beko over the last decade due to its high energy efficiency and low noise level during operation. This gas is classified as Class A3 by ASHRAE, which means it is highly flammable, so special care and compliance with fire safety regulations is required when working with it. Unlike its predecessors, isobutane does not require high pressure for condensation, which allows the use of less powerful and quieter compressors. One of the key features is its excellent solubility in mineral oils, which simplifies the return of lubricant to the compressor crankcase and prevents capillary tube clogging. However, due to flammability, the amount of gas refilled is strictly limited and usually does not exceed 150 grams in household models. This makes the system less susceptible to large leaks, but more sensitive to the purity of the circuit from moisture and air.
One of the key features isobutane is its excellent solubility in mineral oils, which simplifies the return of lubricant to the compressor crankcase and prevents clogging of the capillary tube. However, due to flammability, the amount of gas refilled is strictly limited and usually does not exceed 150 grams in household models. This makes the system less susceptible to large leaks, but more sensitive to the cleanliness of the circuit from moisture and air.
When diagnosing leaks in systems with R600a, technicians often use electronic leak detectors tuned specifically for hydrocarbons, since standard halogen detectors may not work or show a false result. Concentration gas in the air should be constantly monitored if work is carried out indoors without forced ventilation.
Characteristics of R134a freon in old models
Freon R134a has long been the main working fluid in refrigerators in the middle price segment, including many popular models Ekoreleased in the 2000s and early 2010s. This gas is non-flammable and non-toxic, which greatly simplifies the conditions for its storage and transportation compared to isobutane. However, it has a higher operating pressure, which requires the use of more durable materials for pipelines and the condenser.
In systems filled with R134a, synthetic polyester oil (POE) is used, which is highly hygroscopic, that is, it actively absorbs moisture from the air. The entry of even a small amount of water into the circuit with this oil and freon can lead to the formation of acids that destroy the compressor windings and clog the capillary tube. Therefore, the time for depressurization of the system during repairs should be minimal.
Diagnosis of leaks in circuits with R134a is often carried out by the method of soaping or using ultraviolet additives in the oil, since the gas is colorless and odorless. Pressure in the system on the low side the pressure can be close to atmospheric or even lower, which increases the risk of air leaks in the presence of microcracks, therefore Evacuation must be carried out especially carefully.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics and filling standards may vary depending on the specific modification of the model. Always check the information label on your device, as the manufacturer may make design changes without prior notice.
How to determine the type of freon in your refrigerator
To accurately determine the type of refrigerant used, there is no need to guess or rely on memory, since the manufacturer is required to provide this information in an accessible form. The primary source of data is the product that comes with the refrigerator, but most often owners turn to the service sticker. It is located on the back wall of the case, on the inner side wall of the refrigerator compartment, or sometimes on the plinth panel at the front. technical data sheet product that comes with the refrigerator, but most often owners refer to the service sticker. It is located on the back wall of the cabinet, on the inside side wall of the refrigerator compartment, or sometimes on the plinth panel at the front.
The sticker contains complete information about the model, serial number, electrical parameters and, most importantly for us, the type and amount of refrigerant. Look for the line labeled “Refrigerant” or “Refrigerant”, where the gas code (for example, R600a) and its mass in grams will be indicated. The same information is duplicated in user manual in the technical specifications section.
If the sticker is damaged or missing, you can try to find information on the compressor model installed in the unit. Different compressor manufacturers (for example Secop, LG, Embraco) often use specific markings or color codes on the motor housing itself that indicate the type of compatible refrigerant. However, this method is less reliable, since the compressor could have been replaced earlier.
What to do if the sticker is not readable?
If the service sticker has worn off or peeled off, try to find the original box from the refrigerator - often a duplicate of the information is printed on the end of the package. You can also enter the exact model (Model Code) on the manufacturer's official website in the support section or contact an authorized service center, citing the serial number of the device.
Symptoms of a lack of refrigerant in the system
Understanding how a refrigerator behaves when there is a gas leak helps to react in time and prevent food spoilage. One of the first signs is increased operating time compressor or its continuous operation without shutdown. The system tries to compensate for the lack of cooling capacity by working at the limit of its capabilities, which leads to increased energy consumption.
Another characteristic symptom is insufficient cooling or its complete absence when the motor is running. It may be warm in the chambers, and on the back wall of the refrigerator compartment the characteristic layer of frost or “snow coat”, which should evenly cover the surface of the evaporator, disappears. In systems No Frost warm air may blow from the ventilation holes.
It is also worth paying attention to the condition of the condenser (the grille at the back or the side walls). During normal operation it should be warm or hot over the entire area. If the gas has escaped, the grate will remain cold or warm only at the very beginning, immediately after exiting the compressor. Visual inspection pipelines can reveal traces of oil at leakage points, since freon circulates along with the oil suspension.
☑️ Leak diagnostics freon
The refueling process and standards for different models
The process of refueling a refrigerator Veko is a high-tech operation that requires specialized equipment: vacuum pump, pressure gauge station and electronic scales. Refilling rates are strictly regulated by the manufacturer for each model, and a deviation of even 10-15 grams can disrupt the operation of the entire system. Excess gas will lead to an increase in condensation pressure and load on the compressor, and a lack of gas will lead to overheating and insufficient cooling.
Before refilling, a vacuum procedure must be carried out, which removes air and moisture vapor from the circuit. For systems with R134a evacuation time should be longer due to the hygroscopicity of the oil, and the residual pressure should be as low as possible. Only after creating a deep vacuum, the exact dose of refrigerant, weighed on an electronic scale, is introduced into the system.
The table below shows approximate data on the types of gases and approximate quantities for different series, but remember that the exact numbers are always individual.
| Refrigerant type | Approximate weight (grams) | Working pressure (bar) | Oil features |
|---|---|---|---|
| R600a (Isobutane) | 50 - 130 g | Low | Mineral |
| R134a | 90 - 250 g | Medium/High | Synthetic (POE) |
| R404A (Industrial series) | 300 - 600 g | High | Synthetic |
| R12 (Obsolete) | 150 - 300 g | Low | Mineral |
⚠️ Attention: Filling the refrigerator yourself “by eye” or by pressure without using a scale is unacceptable. The pressure in the system depends on the ambient temperature and is not a direct indicator of the amount of refrigerant.
Frequent questions and problems during maintenance
When servicing refrigerators Beko the question often arises about the compatibility of oils and the possibility of using universal filling stations. If there was R134ain the system, flushing the circuit with nitrogen is mandatory before switching to another type of gas or even when refilling with the same type after a long period of inactivity.
Another common problem is the formation of an ice plug in the capillary, which is often confused with a lack of freon. In this case, the refrigerator may cycle: cooling, then stopping, then starting again. This indicates the presence of moisture in the system, and not a leak, and requires replacing the filter drier and re-vacuuming.
Owners are also interested in whether car freons can be used. The answer is categorical: automotive refrigerants and oils have other additives and properties that are not designed for long-term operation of a household refrigerator. Their use will reduce the life of the compressor by several times and can lead to a chemical reaction with the sealing materials.
Is it possible to refill a Veko refrigerator yourself without a vacuum pump?
It is strictly not recommended. Without a vacuum pump it is impossible to remove moisture and air from the circuit. The remaining moisture will freeze in the capillary tube, creating an ice plug, and the air will increase the condensation pressure, causing the compressor to overload and burn out. In addition, without scales it is impossible to maintain the exact dosage of gas.
How often do you need to change freon in a Beko refrigerator?
The refrigeration circuit is a sealed closed-cycle system. If there are no leaks, freon is not consumed and does not require replacement or refilling during the entire service life of the device (10-15 years or more). The need to refill always indicates a malfunction (leak) that needs to be found and eliminated.
Is it dangerous to breathe R600a freon vapors?
Yes, it is dangerous. Although R600a is non-toxic in small doses, it displaces oxygen, which can cause asphyxiation in confined spaces. The main danger is its high flammability. The concentration of isobutane vapor in the air ranging from 1.3% to 8.2% forms an explosive mixture. Any spark can lead to ignition.
Why did the refrigerator stop freezing after self-refueling?
There may be several reasons: the mass of gas was incorrectly selected (overfilling or underfilling), moisture remained in the system (capillary clogged), the wrong oil was used, or the compressor failed due to overheating. It is also possible that the leak was not repaired and the gas came out again through the same hole.
Where is the service valve for filling?
In factory conditions, refrigerators Eko often do not have a fitting for filling. The tube is crimped and sealed. To carry out repairs, the technician needs to weld a service valve (fitting) into the process tube of the compressor or condenser, carry out the work, and then solder the hole again by removing the valve.