The question of what exactly refrigeration equipment is filled with often arises among equipment owners who are faced with a loss of cold or a complete failure of the compressor. For popular Belarusian equipment Atlant this parameter is critically important, since the use of an unsuitable refrigerant can lead to failure of an expensive compressor or even cause an explosive situation. Unlike old Soviet models, modern units operate on completely different types of gases that require a specific approach to maintenance.
The owner must clearly understand that type of refrigerant is not chosen arbitrarily, but is strictly regulated by the manufacturer. Information about the required substance is always contained on a technical sticker, which is usually located on the back wall of the case or inside the refrigerator compartment. An attempt to fill the device “by eye” or with universal gas without precise knowledge of the markings is fraught with serious consequences for the circulation system.
In this article we will analyze in detail the main types of freon used in various series of refrigerators Atlant, consider their physical properties and charging standards. You will also learn how to independently determine the type of gas and why mixing different types of refrigerants is strictly prohibited due to the risk of a chemical reaction and destruction of the lubricating oil in the compressor.
The main types of refrigerants in technology Atlant
The modern line of refrigerators Atlant is based primarily on two types of refrigerants, each of which has unique characteristics and operating requirements. The transition to new substances was due to international agreements on the protection of the ozone layer, which forced manufacturers to abandon freon R12.
The most common option for most two-chamber models is R134a (tetrafluoroethane). It is a colorless, odorless gas that does not burn or explode, making it relatively safe for household use. It replaced old freons and provides effective cooling at moderate pressure in the system.
In newer and more compact models, as well as in the "No Frost" series, R600a (isobutane) is often used. This is a hydrocarbon compound that has excellent refrigerating properties, but has one critical drawback - it is flammable. That is why when working with such models, special care is required and the exclusion of any sources of spark.
⚠️ Attention: If R600a is indicated on the label of your refrigerator, it is strictly forbidden to solder the tubes without first and thoroughly purging the system. Residual gas may ignite from an open burner flame.
The choice between these two substances depends on the year of manufacture and the specific series. You can determine what your unit is charged with based on primary signs, but the most accurate method is reading the technical documentation.
How to determine the type of freon and the charging rate
To carry out high-quality repairs or refueling, you need to know not only the brand of gas, but also its exact quantity. Excess or lack of refrigerant is equally harmful to the compressor and can lead to incorrect operation of the thermostat.
The main source of information is the factory data. technical label. It is a silver metal plate or sticker. It always shows the serial number, production date, energy consumption class and, most importantly, the type and weight of the refrigerant.
Look for the line labeled “Refrigerant” or “Refrigerant”. The type (for example, R134a) and weight in grams (for example, 140g) will be indicated next to it. It is these numbers that you need to focus on when ordering the services of a specialist or purchasing a cylinder.
If the label is lost or unreadable, you can indirectly determine the type of gas by the year of manufacture and compressor model:
- 🔹 Models produced before 2000 are most often refilled R12 (rarely found in repair).
- 🔹 Devices from 2000 to 2010 are mainly used. R134a, and the TS series - on R600a. R134a.
- 🔹 Modern equipment (after 2010) with an energy efficiency index of A+ and higher often works on R600a.
- 🔹 Danfoss NL series compressors usually operate on R134a, and TS series - on R600a.
The table below shows approximate filling rates for popular series of refrigerators Atlant. Please remember that these data may vary slightly depending on the volume of the chamber.
| Series / Model | Refrigerant type | Approximate rate (grams) | Oil type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlant MKhM-1700 | R134a | 140 g | POE (synthetic) |
| Atlant MKhM-2808 | R134a | 155 g | POE (synthetics) |
| Atlant XM-4008 | R600a | 55 g | Mineral (mineral) |
| Atlant XM-4210 | R600a | 60 g | Mineral |
Technical features of R134a and R600a
Understanding the physics of processes helps to avoid mistakes during repairs. R134a requires the use of synthetic oil (polyester - POE), since mineral oil does not dissolve in it freon and does not return to the compressor, which leads to jamming of the piston group.
In contrast, R600a it mixes well with ordinary mineral oil. However, isobutane has a lower molecular weight, making it more prone to leaking through microscopic pores in the metal. The pressure in a system with R600a is lower than in a system with R134a, which reduces the load on the compressor and the noise level.
Why can’t you mix oils?
If mineral oil gets into a system with R134a and synthetic oil (or vice versa), liquid separation will occur. A thick emulsion will form that will clog the capillary tube. The compressor will be left without lubrication and will burn out within a few minutes of operation.
It is important to note that R134a has a higher global warming potential than R600a, but it does not burn. R600a is more environmentally friendly, but requires explosion-proof electrics inside the refrigerator (relays, thermostats often have a special design).
When replacing the compressor on models with R134a, the filter drier often has to be changed, since synthetic oil is very hygroscopic and quickly absorbs moisture from the air, turning into acid.
Signs of a leak and the need for refueling
A refrigerator is a closed system, and under ideal conditions gas should not be consumed for years. If there is a need to “refuel” the unit, it means that the circuit has become depressurized. Simply adding gas without eliminating the cause is a temporary and ineffective measure.
Symptoms of a refrigerant leak appear gradually:
- ❄️ The compressor runs continuously without turning off, but the temperature in the chambers does not drop below +10°C.
- 🔊 The engine may hum stronger than usual or, conversely, work more quietly due to lack of load.
- 🌡️ The evaporator (the back wall inside the chamber) remains warm or is only partially cooled (by 1/3).
- 💧 Oily spots may appear on the floor under the refrigerator or near the compressor (gas comes out along with the oil).
You can find the location of the leak visually (blowing paint, traces of oil) or using a leak detector. Often the foamed evaporator inside the housing or the heating circuit around the door perimeter poisons.
⚠️ Attention: If the leak occurs in the foamed part of the housing (internal evaporator), simple refilling will not help. It will be necessary to install an external “crying” evaporator, since the old one is in an inaccessible place.
Refilling process: why is it difficult to do it yourself
The process of refilling the refrigerator Atlant is not just connecting a cylinder to Truka. This is a complex procedure that requires special equipment: a vacuum pump, a pressure gauge station and scales.
First, the system must be tested for leaks with nitrogen. Then it is produced vacuuming —removal of air and moisture. The remaining moisture in the system with R134a will freeze in the capillary tube and create an ice plug that blocks circulation.
☑️ Stages of professional refueling
Refueling is carried out strictly by weight. Using an illusionist's eye on a pressure gauge ("by eye") is unacceptable, since the pressure depends on the ambient temperature, and the mass of gas must be accurate to the gram.
After refueling, you need to check the operation of the thermostat and make sure that the compressor turns off when the set temperature is reached. Incorrect refueling can lead to “liquid running” - liquid freon entering the compressor, which causes water hammer.
Common mistakes during self-repair
Trying to save on the services of a specialist, owners often make fatal mistakes. The most common of them is an attempt to fill the refrigerator with gas for car air conditioners or other available means.
Other typical errors:
- 🚫 Lack of vacuum: Starting the system with air inside is guaranteed to lead to blockage of the capillary after a few hours of operation.
- 🚫 Wrong type of oil: Adding oil “just in case” without checking compatibility with freon.
- 🚫 Ignoring the filter: When the old filter drier becomes depressurized, it absorbs moisture and stops working. Its replacement is mandatory whenever the circuit is opened.
It is also dangerous to use the burner in a room without ventilation when working with R600a. Heavier than air, this gas can accumulate near the floor and ignite from a spark from an outlet or tool.
Where to find information about your model
If you plan to order spare parts or call a repairman, prepare complete information about the model. It's on the nameplate. You will need:
- Full model name (for example, Atlant MHM 2808-90).
- Serial number (indicated next to the model).
- Production date.
This data will allow the technician must prepare the correct freon cylinder and the required oil in advance. Arriving “at random” with one type of gas when another is needed is a waste of time and money.
Information can also be found in the operating instructions, if it is available. The type and amount of refrigerant is always indicated in the "Technical Specifications" section.
Is it possible to fill an R134a refrigerator with freon? R600a?
No, absolutely not. They have different operating pressures, different solubility in oils and different requirements for electrical safety. Such a replacement will lead to the destruction of the compressor.
How much does it cost to refill an Atlant refrigerator?
The price depends on the region and type of gas. R600a is usually more expensive due to the complexity of working with explosive gas. The price includes the work of a technician, gas, oil and a new filter drier.
How often does freon need to be changed?
Freon has no expiration date and is not consumed during operation. It only needs to be changed in case of a leak or after a system repair. exists.
Why does the refrigerator freeze after refueling, but does not turn off?
Most likely, the dosage is incorrect (underfilling or overfilling) or the filter drier is clogged. There may also be a malfunction of the thermostat, which does not sense the reached temperature.
Is freon from the refrigerator dangerous for you? human?
R134a and R600a in small quantities (from a household refrigerator) are not toxic upon short-term inhalation, but displace oxygen. R600a is explosive at concentrations in air of more than 13%. R12 (old) forms phosgene, a poisonous gas, upon contact with fire.