Location and replacement of the starting relay in the Biryusa refrigerator

The situation when the refrigerator Biryusa stops cooling, but continues to hum or, conversely, is silent, often indicates a malfunction in the compressor electrical circuit. In most cases, the culprit of such symptoms is start relay, which is responsible for starting the engine. Understanding exactly where it is located is the first and most important step for diagnosing or independently repairing the unit.

In this article we will analyze in detail the design of various models of refrigerators Biryusa, since the location of the components may vary depending on the year of manufacture and type compressor. You will learn how to safely get to the unit, what it looks like and what to look for during a visual inspection. The exact location of the relay is always tied to the compressor, but the way it is attached and protected may vary.

Before proceeding with disassembly, you must make sure that the device is completely disconnected from the power supply. Working with electrical equipment requires compliance with basic safety rules, since even after unplugging from the outlet, a residual charge may remain in the capacitors. We will consider an algorithm of actions that will help you not damage the plastic latches and tubes during dismantling.

The principle of operation and the role of the starting relay in the system

Start relay is an electromechanical switch that supplies voltage to the starting winding of the compressor only at the moment of startup. As soon as the engine reaches the required speed, the relay opens the circuit and the refrigerator returns to normal operation. Without this component, the motor will not be able to overcome the initial resistance and start, which will lead to a characteristic click and stop.

In refrigerators Biryusa two types of such devices are most often used: induction (positional) and thermal. Induction relays respond to changes in current in the winding by raising and lowering the core, which closes the contacts. Thermal models use a bimetallic plate that bends when heated and opens the circuit if the start-up does not occur or an overload occurs.

A malfunction of this unit is often confused with a breakdown of the compressor itself. However, if the engine hums and tries to start, but after a few seconds a click is heard and it goes silent, the problem most likely lies in the relay. In rare cases, a situation may occur when the relay contacts “stick” in the closed state, which leads to continuous operation of the starting winding and overheating of the motor.

⚠️ Attention: If after replacing the relay the refrigerator does not start again or makes loud knocking noises, immediately stop trying to turn it on. This may indicate an interturn short circuit in the compressor, and further operation will lead to its complete combustion.

Understanding the operating principle helps to correctly diagnose the problem. If you hear intermittent clicking sounds every few minutes, it means the thermal protection is tripping because the motor is unable to start. In this case, a visual check of the relay contacts often reveals carbon deposits or melting of the plastic.

Where to look for the relay: design features of Biryusa refrigerators

The answer to the question of where the start relay is located in the refrigerator Biryusaalways starts from the back wall of the unit. The compressor to which the relay is connected is located in the lower niche, usually on the left or right side (depending on the model). However, access to it can be organized in different ways.

In older models, such as Biryusa 6, 8, 10, the compressor is often open or covered with a simple metal cover, which is removed after unscrewing a few screws. In more modern series, for example Biryusa 133, 134, 135, access may be limited by a decorative plastic panel or metal casing that requires careful handling of the latches.

The relay itself is always located directly on the side of the compressor (on the left or right, when looking at it from behind). It is put on three pins coming out of the motor housing. In some modifications, the relay may be covered with an additional plastic cup or fixed with a metal bracket, which prevents it from slipping during vibration.

• 🔍 Inspect the back wall: find a black cylindrical or pear-shaped compressor tank.
• 🔍 Look for a plastic box (black, white or gray), placed on the contacts on the side of the motor.
• 🔍 Check for the presence of a retaining bracket or screw holding the relay in place.

It is important to note that in two-compressor models Biryusa (where the freezer and refrigerator compartments are cooled separately) there will be two relays - one for each motor. They are located symmetrically or next to each other at the bottom of the rear wall. When diagnosing, it is important not to confuse them, although they often look identical.

Instructions for dismantling and accessing the unit

To carry out the work you will need a minimum set of tools: a flat-head and Phillips screwdriver, possibly pliers. Before you begin, be sure to unplug the refrigerator and move it away from the wall to provide easy access to the back panel.

If the compressor is covered with a cover, carefully remove it. In models Biryusa fastenings are often made in the form of screws or plastic clips. Proceed with caution as old plastic may be brittle. After removing the protection, you will get a full overview of the motor-compressor.

The process of removing the relay itself is as follows:

The relay is simply put on the contacts, but over time the plastic may “stick” or become dirty. Do not use excessive force when pulling the device by its wires. First, make sure that the fixing bracket is removed (if provided by the design). Then, holding the relay body, remove it from the pins with light rocking movements.

⚠️ Attention: Before removing the relay, it is strongly recommended to photograph the color markings of the wires and their connection diagram. This will help avoid errors during assembly, since reversed phases can damage the new component.

After dismantling, inspect the inside of the relay. If you see traces of burning, melting, or smell burning plastic, the diagnosis is obvious. Also check the integrity of the wires going to the relay - sometimes a break occurs not in the device itself, but in a suitable cable.

Compatibility table and relay types for different models

Refrigerators Biryusa were produced for decades, and during this time compressors from different manufacturers were installed in them (domestic Nord, Atlant or imported Danfoss, Secop). Therefore, the appearance and marking of the relay may differ.

When purchasing a new part, it is important to pay attention not only to the model of the refrigerator, but also to the parameters of the old relay. Often numbers are stamped on the case indicating the rated current. Installing a relay with an inappropriate response current will either result in frequent false shutdowns or burn out the compressor winding.

If you cannot find an exact analogue, you can use universal starting relays, which are sold in spare parts stores. However, their installation requires careful study of the instructions, since the connection diagram may differ from the standard one.

Is it possible to use a relay from another refrigerator?

The use of a relay from another model is possible only if the electrical characteristics (current, type of contacts) and geometric dimensions completely match. Universal relays often require selection of the current rating, which is difficult to do without special devices. It is better to look for an original analog or a complete replacement in the manufacturer's catalog.

Fault diagnosis: how to check a relay

Before running to the store for a spare part, it makes sense to check the old relay. The easiest way is visual inspection and “shaking”. If it rattles inside, like in a maracas, it means the core is broken or broken off, and such a relay must be replaced in 100% of cases.

For a more accurate check, you will need a multimeter. Switch the device to continuity or resistance measurement mode. Check the integrity of the contacts: in working condition, some pairs of contacts should ring, while others should not (depending on the type of relay and position). The presence of a short circuit or infinite resistance where there should not be one indicates a malfunction.

Also pay attention to the condition of the contacts. If they are blackened or covered with carbon deposits, the current will flow worse, leading to sparking and eventual failure. Cleaning the contacts with sandpaper is a temporary measure that rarely gives a long-term effect in starting relays due to high currents.

A common mistake is Ignoring the thermal protection status. In some models Biryusa it is built into the relay housing, in others it is a separate element. Check its resistance too - it should be close to zero. If the thermal protection is “broken,” the compressor will not start even with a new start relay.

Replacement and first start after repair

The process of installing a new relay is the reverse of the dismantling process. Carefully push the device onto the pins of the compressor until it stops. Make sure it fits snugly and doesn't wobble. If there was a fixing bracket, return it to its place. Connect the wires according to the photographs taken earlier or color markings.

After assembly, do not rush to immediately plug in the refrigerator. Let it sit unplugged for at least 15-20 minutes. This is necessary so that the refrigerant in the system is distributed evenly, and the compressor cools down after previous attempts to start.

When you turn it on for the first time, listen carefully to the sound of the unit operating. The compressor should start with a characteristic hum, after a few seconds the relay should not click (since it has already opened the starting circuit). If the start-up was successful, the motor will operate smoothly, without vibrations or humming.

During the first hours of operation, periodically check the temperature of the compressor housing. It should be warm or hot, but not scorching hot. If the motor heats up to the point where it is impossible to touch it and often turns off, perhaps the new relay is not selected correctly or the problem is deeper.

Frequently asked questions (FAQ)

Is it possible to start a Biryusa refrigerator without a start relay?

Technically start a compressor without a relay It is possible by artificially closing the contacts with a screwdriver at the moment of switching on, but this is strictly not recommended. This is life-threatening (risk of electric shock) and can lead to burnout of the motor windings due to lack of protection. In addition, holding a screwdriver in a energized circuit is inconvenient and unsafe.

Why does a new relay burn out after a few days?

If a new starting relay fails quickly, there may be several reasons: incorrect selection of the current rating, a malfunction of the compressor itself (an interturn short circuit, jamming of the piston group) or problems with the voltage in the electrical networks. In 80% of cases, rapid combustion of the new relay indicates that the compressor is “heavy” and requires too much starting current.

Where to buy an original relay for an old Biryusa refrigerator?

Original spare parts for older models are often discontinued. You should look for them in specialized stores of spare parts for refrigerators, on radio markets, or order through online stores using the catalog number. Analogues from other manufacturers are often suitable (for example, relays Atlant suit many models Biryusa).

Does the location of the refrigerator affect the operation of the relay?

Yes, it does. If the refrigerator is standing with a strong tilt or was transported lying down, oil from the compressor could leak into the circuit. When turned on, water hammer can damage the valves or create excess pressure, which will lead to the protection being activated and a false diagnosis of relay failure. Let the refrigerator stand upright for several hours before turning on.