The situation when a two-chamber refrigerator Atlant suddenly stops freezing, and only a quiet click is heard inside, is familiar to many owners of this equipment. Often the cause of such a malfunction is the failure of the start-up relay, which is responsible for starting the compressor. It is this small but critical element that controls the supply of electric current to the motor windings, ensuring the correct start of its operation.
Understanding this where is the relay locatedis the first step to self-diagnosis or preparation for replacing the part. In most models of two-chamber Atlant refrigerators, this component is located directly on the compressor housing, which is hidden behind the lower rear panel of the unit. Access to it does not require complex equipment, but requires compliance with safety measures when working with electrical appliances.
In this article we will analyze in detail the design of the unit, consider the algorithm for removing and checking the element, and also discuss the nuances of choosing a new spare part. You will learn how to distinguish a working device from a burnt one, what tools you will need for work and why it is important to take into account the model of your refrigerator when purchasing components.
Design features of the starting relay in Atlant technology
The starting protection relay in brand refrigerators Atlant is an electromechanical device enclosed in a plastic case. Its main function is to briefly connect the starting winding of the compressor motor at startup, after which it automatically turns it off. At the same time, the relay performs a protective function: if the current in the circuit exceeds permissible limits or the engine overheats, the device opens the contacts, preventing the windings from burning out.
In two-chamber models, relays of the RT series (starting thermal) or more modern R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4 are most often used. RTK-1, RTK-1-3. Structurally, they may differ in the method of fastening and the internal arrangement of contacts, but the principle of operation remains similar. Inside the case there is a movable core with contacts and a bimetallic plate that responds to temperature and current.
It is important to understand that starting relay is a consumable material, the resource of which is limited by the number of on and off cycles. Over time, contacts may oxidize and the spring mechanism may lose elasticity, leading to unstable operation. In some cases, insulation degradation products may accumulate inside the housing, which also disrupts the normal functioning of the unit.
- 🔌 Starting function: short-term voltage supply to the starting winding to create torque.
- 🛡️ Protective function: instant power shutdown in case of overcurrent or overheating of the compressor.
- ⚙️ Mechanical wear: natural aging of contacts and springs during operation.
⚠️ Attention: Never try to repair the internal part relay by stripping the contacts or bending the springs. A restored device does not guarantee stable operation and may lead to jamming of the compressor, which will require replacement of the entire unit.
The location of the relay is always tied to the compressor, which in two-chamber refrigerators Atlant usually located in the lower part of the rear wall. However, the housing configuration and mounting method may vary depending on the model year. In older versions, access may be difficult due to the presence of an additional metal box covering the motor-compressor.
Localization of the unit: where to look in a two-chamber model
To find the relay, you need to gain access to the lower rear part of the refrigerator. In two-chamber models Atlant there is almost always one compressor, and it is mounted on the frame in a special compartment. The relay is placed directly on the terminals (contacts) of the compressor and is often additionally secured with a metal bracket or strip.
The search process begins by disconnecting the refrigerator from the power supply. This is a mandatory safety condition, since work will be carried out in close proximity to live parts. After switching off, the unit must be carefully moved away from the wall to provide free access to the rear wall.
On the rear panel you will see a round hole or a rectangular hatch covered with a lid. It is behind this cover that compressor groupis hidden. In modern models Atlant the cover can be secured with latches or screws. Having removed the protection, you will see a black cylindrical or pear-shaped cylinder - this is the compressor.
The relay itself is located on the right or left side (looking from behind) from where the tubes exit the compressor. It is a small plastic block in black, white or gray, to which the wiring harness fits. The body of the part is usually stamped with markings, for example RTK-1 or 17.100.05.000, which helps to identify the type of spare part.
Dismantling algorithm for diagnostics and replacement
Relay removal process requires care, as plastic elements become fragile over time. Before starting work, make sure that the refrigerator is unplugged for at least 15-20 minutes so that the capacitors are discharged and the compressor cools down.
The first step is to remove the protective cover of the compressor compartment. If it is secured with screws, use a screwdriver of the appropriate size. Then visually inspect the wire connections. In some models, the harness can be fixed with a clamp on the frame of the refrigerator.
Next you need to disconnect the wires going to the relay. Depending on the design, this may be a detachable chip or separate terminals. It is recommended to take a photo of the connection diagram before disconnecting, so that when installing a new part you do not mix up the contacts. After disconnecting the wires, the relay must be removed from the compressor shank.
☑️ Checklist before dismantling the relay
Removal from the compressor is carried out by lightly rocking from side to side. Do not use excessive force to avoid damaging the compressor contacts. If the relay is held by a metal bracket, you must first bend it or unscrew the mounting screw. After removal, inspect the inside of the relay for blackening or melting.
Visual and technical diagnostics of the malfunction
You can determine that the relay has failed not only by the lack of starting of the compressor, but also by external signs. If when you try to turn on you hear a click, followed by a hum, and then a click and silence again, this is a classic symptom of a faulty starter. The compressor tries to start, but the relay does not close the starting circuit or opens it too early.
When visually inspecting the removed relay, pay attention to the condition of the plastic. The presence of melting, cracks or a characteristic burning smell indicates overheating and breakdown. If a black coating is visible on the contacts inside the case, this also indicates the need for replacement.
For more accurate diagnostics, you can use a multimeter. Ring the relay contacts in different positions. In good condition, the resistance between certain contacts should be close to zero, and in others it should approach infinity. If the device shows a short circuit where it should not be, or an open circuit, the part is faulty.
| Symptom | Probable cause | Action |
|---|---|---|
| The refrigerator hums for 5-10 seconds and clicks | Faulty start relay | Replacing the relay |
| The compressor does not start, silence | Open circuit in the relay or thermostat | Check multimeter |
| A crackling sound is heard inside the relay | Destruction of the core or contacts | Urgent replacement |
| Knocks out the machine in the panel | Short circuit in the relay | Wiring diagnostics |
⚠️ Attention: If after replacing the relay the compressor continues to hum and does not start, the problem may not be in the relay, but in the compressor itself (interturn closure or wedge). Further attempts to start may permanently damage the engine.
It is also worth checking the thermal relay, which is often built into the same housing as the starting one or located next to it. It is responsible for protection against overheating. If the bimetallic plate is deformed, the protection will operate falsely, even with a working engine.
Nuances of choosing and installing a new spare part
When purchasing a new relay for a refrigerator Atlant it is critically important to consider the compressor model, and not just the brand of the refrigerator. The plant Atlant used different types of compressors (Danfoss, Secop, its own models), and the relays for them may differ in connection diagram and current characteristics.
Pay attention to the markings of the old device. The numbers in the code often indicate the rated current and type of execution. For example, relays RTK-1 and RTK-1-3 can be interchangeable, but require contact verification. Universal relays exist, but their installation requires careful study of the connection diagram included in the kit.
Is it possible to use a universal relay?
Universal relays (for example, series 117 or 312) will fit many compressors, but require correct installation orientation. On the body of such relays there is an arrow “UP”, which should point straight up. Violation of this rule will lead to incorrect operation of the core and failure to start.
Installation of a new part is carried out in the reverse order of dismantling. Make sure that the relay is pushed onto the compressor contacts tightly and all the way. The contacts must fit into the corresponding sockets without distortion. After this, connect the wires according to the photograph or diagram taken earlier.
Pay special attention to the orientation of the relay in space. On the body of most models there is a marking UP with an arrow pointing up. This requirement is due to the gravitational principle of operation of the moving core inside the relay. If you install it incorrectly, the mechanism will not work.
Checking performance after repair
After assembling all the elements and connecting the wires, you can proceed to testing. Plug in the refrigerator. In the first seconds, you can hear the characteristic click of the relay, followed by the smooth hum of the operating compressor. This is a sign of a successful launch.
Pay attention to the operating time. The compressor should work cyclically: it will gain cold, turn off when the set temperature is reached, and turn on again. If the refrigerator operates without stopping or, conversely, often clicks and stalls, you need to re-check the correct installation and compliance with the relay model.
During the first hours of operation, periodically check the temperature of the compressor housing and the relay itself. They should not become so hot that they cannot be touched. Permissible heating is up to 50-60 degrees Celsius.
If everything went well, replace the protective cover of the compressor compartment and move the refrigerator to the wall, maintaining the necessary clearances for ventilation. Don’t forget that it is better to load a full load of food after a few hours, when a stable temperature has been established inside.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to replace the relay in the Atlant refrigerator yourself without special skills?
Yes, replacing a relay is one of the simplest operations in repairing refrigerators. It does not require evacuation of the system or working with gas. The main thing is to follow safety precautions, disconnect the device from the network and correctly orient the new part during installation.
How much does a starting relay for a two-chamber Atlanta cost on average?
The cost of an original or high-quality analog relay varies in the range from 500 to 1500 rubles. The price depends on the specific model, the manufacturer of the spare part (original, Danfoss, universal) and the region of purchase.
Why does a new relay burn out a short time after replacement?
A common reason is incorrect installation (not in the UP arrow) or the use of a relay with inappropriate current characteristics. Also, the cause may be a malfunction of the compressor itself (hard start), due to which the relay constantly operates in overload mode.
Is it necessary to defrost the refrigerator before replacing the relay?
Full defrosting is not necessary if access to the compressor is free. However, if there is ice or moisture in the compressor compartment, it must be removed. It is dangerous to work with electrical wiring in conditions of high humidity.
Where can I find the relay markings if they are erased?
If the markings on the case are not readable, you can try to determine the model by the catalog number of the compressor or refer to the refrigerator wiring diagram, which is often pasted on the inner wall of the chamber or on the back panel.