When your Atlant refrigerator stops freezing, but at the same time makes a characteristic humming sound or clicks, this often indicates problems with starting the compressor. In most cases, the culprit of the malfunction is starting relay, which is responsible for supplying voltage to the motor windings. Finding this element does not require disassembling the entire unit, since it is located in close proximity to the motor.
For successful diagnostics and subsequent repairs, you do not need complex tools, a basic set of home craftsmen is enough. It is important to understand that electrical circuit the refrigerator is energized, so any manipulations should be carried out only after the device is completely disconnected from the network. In this article, we will analyze in detail the location of the part, the algorithm of actions and nuances that will help avoid repeated breakdowns.
Ignoring the symptoms of a malfunction can lead to more serious consequences, including failure of the compressor itself. Therefore, if you notice that refrigerator compartment the temperature does not rise, and the motor runs jerkily, you must immediately begin an inspection. Let's figure out exactly how this system works and where to look for the “weak link.”
Functional purpose of the starting relay
The main task of this small device is to start the compressor engine and protect it from overloads. When the refrigerator is turned on, a starting current is supplied to the windings, which significantly exceeds the operating current. Start relay connects the starting winding for a short time, helping the rotor to spin up, and then turns it off, leaving only the main one to work.
In addition, the device performs function thermal fuse. Inside the case there is a bimetallic plate that opens the circuit when the temperature or current increases critically. This prevents the motor windings from burning out in the event of jamming of the piston group or power surges.
Modern models of refrigerators Atlant are equipped with different types of relays, and the principle of their operation may differ. Understanding these differences is critical when selecting replacement parts.
⚠️ Attention: An attempt to start the compressor directly, bypassing the relay, can lead to instantaneous burnout of the windings and costly repairs. Do not use this method to test the motor without the appropriate skills.
Exact location of the part in the refrigerator
To find the start relay, you will need to access the bottom of the back wall of the refrigerator. It is there, in the so-called compressor compartment, that the motor-compressor is fixed. In Atlant refrigerators, this unit is usually closed with a metal or plastic cover, which is secured with latches or screws.
Removing the protective panel, you will see a black cylindrical or pear-shaped tank - this is the compressor. A small plastic or ceramic block protrudes directly from one side of its body (usually the left or right, depending on the model). This is the one you are looking for starting relay, put on three contact pins coming out of the motor housing.
Wires from the thermostat and capacitor, as well as a power cable, are suitable for the relay. In some old Atlant models there may be a separate one nearby thermal protector, but in most modern modifications the protection and start functions are combined in one case.
Types of relays used in Atlant technology
The manufacturer uses two main ones in its refrigerators type of starting devices: induction and posistor. Induction relays (RT, RTP series) have a movable core and contacts that open under the influence of an electromagnetic field. They are more sensitive to the position of the refrigerator body and often make a loud click when turned off.
Posistor relays (RSO series) operate on the basis of a semiconductor element - a posistor. When voltage is applied, it heats up and increases its resistance, breaking the starting winding circuit. Such devices are considered more reliable and less noisy, but are also susceptible to burnout during power surges.
You can determine the type of relay by the markings on the case or by appearance. Induction ones often have a more complex mechanical design with visible contacts, while posistor ones look like a monolithic plastic block.
| Relay type | Series (example) | Operation principle | Characteristic feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Induction | RT, RTP | Electromagnetic | Loud click, tilt sensitivity |
| Posistor | RSO, PZR | Thermal (posistor) | Silence during operation, vibration resistance |
| Combined | RTK | Combined | Presence of thermal protection in the housing |
Fault symptoms and primary diagnostics
You can understand what start relay has failed using a number of characteristic signs. The most obvious symptom is that the refrigerator turns on, there is a click, the motor hums for a few seconds, then another click follows, and the unit goes silent. The cycle can be repeated regularly.
Another sign is a complete lack of response to being plugged into the network, provided that the socket and cord are in good working order. If the compressor is hot to the touch, this may indicate that the relay is “stuck” in the closed state or, conversely, is not supplying power.
For an initial check, you can carefully remove the relay from the compressor contacts and shake it near your ear. If you hear a ringing or knocking sound inside, it means the mechanical part is damaged and needs to be replaced. You should also inspect the contacts for carbon deposits or melting.
Is it possible to temporarily short-circuit the relay?
Theoretically, you can start the motor by closing the starting winding circuit manually, but this is extremely dangerous. Without disconnecting the starting winding, the engine will burn out in a matter of minutes. This can only be done for a short-term diagnosis of the serviceability of the compressor itself by an experienced technician.
Algorithm for dismantling and replacing the device
Before starting work, be sure to disconnect the refrigerator from the power supply. Remove the rear cover of the compressor compartment by unscrewing the mounting screws or releasing the latches. You need to have free access to the motor and wires.
Carefully remove the start relay from the compressor contacts. It can be held quite tightly, so do not yank it sharply to avoid damaging the wires. Usually it is fixed with a metal bracket or a plastic clip that needs to be bent.
Disconnect the wires from the old device, having first memorized or photographed their connection diagram. Install the new relay in the reverse order: first connect the wires, then put the device on the compressor pins until a characteristic click is heard.
☑️ Replacement procedure
⚠️ Attention: When installing a new relay, make sure that it sits tightly on the contacts and does not loosen. Vibration during compressor operation can disrupt contact, which will lead to sparking and fire.
Checking performance after repair
After installing the new part and assembling the protective casing, you can begin testing. Plug in the refrigerator. A working unit should start the first time, without long hums and repeated clicks.
In the first minutes of operation, the compressor may work more intensely than usual - this is normal, as the system equalizes the pressure in the circuit. After 10-15 minutes, check the temperature in refrigerator compartment - it should begin to gradually decrease.
Pay attention to the heating of the relay itself and the compressor. Normally they may be warm, but not hot. If you feel intense heat or smell burning plastic, turn off the appliance immediately.
Frequently asked questions and answers from technicians
Is it possible to repair a burnt-out relay or just replace it?
In most cases, repair is impractical. Internal contacts burn out, and posistors lose their properties. An attempt to clean the contacts gives only a short-term effect, after which the breakdown repeats. It’s easier and safer to buy a new part.
Why does a new relay burn out after a short time?
This may indicate a malfunction of the compressor itself (turn-to-turn short circuit) or problems with the voltage in the network. Also, the reason may be the incorrect selection of a relay model that does not correspond to the engine power.
Where can I find the markings for purchasing an analogue?
The markings are usually applied to the side or top edge of the plastic relay case. Look for series designations (for example, RTK-1, RSO-1) and current parameters. If the inscription is erased, look for a spare part for the model of your Atlant refrigerator.
Is it dangerous to change the relay yourself?
If you follow safety precautions and disconnect the device from the network, the risk is minimal. The main danger is electric shock when the power is turned on or damage to the compressor tubes due to careless handling of the tool.
What to do if the refrigerator does not start after replacement?
Check the reliability of the contacts and the correct connection of the wires. If everything is assembled correctly, but the motor hums and does not start, perhaps the problem lies deeper - in the compressor itself or the wiring, and you need to call a specialist.