When choosing household appliances, we often pay attention to the appearance, dimensions and set of functions, forgetting about fundamental basis of the device. When a user wonders what Atlant refrigerators are made of, he is looking not just for a list of components, but for confirmation of durability and operational safety. The Belarusian plant, one of the largest manufacturers in the CIS, uses time-tested technologies, combining them with modern environmental standards.
Understanding the internal structure of the unit helps not only with purchase, but also with further maintenance. Case materials And the internal filling directly affects energy efficiency and noise level. Unlike cheap analogues, where thin plastic and simple alloys can be used, Atlant technology is based on strict production regulations that ensure resistance to corrosion and mechanical damage.
In this article we will analyze in detail the chemical composition and physical properties of the materials used in the assembly of various series of refrigerators. You will learn why some models are heavier than others, which refrigerant is considered safe, and how to determine build quality based on indirect signs. This knowledge will be your advantage when choosing a reliable assistant for the kitchen.
Structure and materials of the outer casing
The basis of any refrigeration cabinet is its outer casing, which takes on the main mechanical load. To produce the outer casing, plant engineers use cold-rolled steel thickness from 0.6 to 0.8 mm. This choice is due to the need to ensure structural rigidity so that the doors do not warp even after years of operation, and the internal space remains sealed.
The metal surface undergoes multi-stage phosphating treatment, which creates an anti-corrosion layer that prevents rust even in conditions of high humidity. Polymer powder paint is then applied and baked at high temperatures to form a durable, scratch-resistant film. It is this layer that determines the color and texture of the surface, be it classic white, noble metallic or anti-finger texture.
The rear wall of the case is often made of a thinner sheet, since it does not carry the load-bearing function of the doors, but must ensure the rigidity of the entire frame. In some budget models, the back panel can be made of durable plastic, but in the classic Atlant series, preference is given to metal for better thermal insulation and protection from rodents.
- 🏗️ Sheet steel: The main structural material that ensures frame strength and thermal insulation protection.
- 🎨 Polymer coating: Decorative and protective layer, resistant to ultraviolet radiation, detergents and mechanical stress.
- 🔩 Fasteners elements: Galvanized bolts and screws that prevent rust formation at joints.
⚠️ Attention: When transporting the new Atlant refrigerator, avoid hitting the body with the sharp corners of the furniture. Although the coating is scratch-resistant, a deep dent can disrupt the geometry of the door and lead to a loose seal.
Internal filling: plastic and glass
The internal volume of the fridge compartment is formed from materials that must be not only durable, but also absolutely safe for contact with food. The main material here is polystyrene (PS) and its modifications, such as ABS plastic. These polymers are characterized by high impact resistance, chemical inertness and the ability to retain their properties over a wide temperature range.
Shelves in modern Atlant models are most often made of tempered glass with plastic or metal edging. Tempered glass can withstand significant weight loads (up to 40-50 kg per shelf) and is easy to clean. The use of glass also improves the circulation of cold air compared to the lattice metal shelves of older models.
Door shelves and vegetable drawers are made of clear or tinted plastic. It is important to note that the high-quality plastic used by the plant does not turn yellow over time and does not emit an unpleasant odor. The inner surface of the rear wall of the refrigerator compartment, where the evaporator is located (in models with No Frost or a weeping system), is also made of plastic with special ribs for draining condensate.
When inspecting the inner chamber, pay attention to the joints of the plastic panels. In high-quality Atlant models, they are made with minimal gaps, which prevents the accumulation of dirt and the development of bacteria. Cheap plastic can crack under sudden temperature changes, so the plant uses additives that increase the elasticity of the material at low temperatures.
Compressor unit: the heart of the refrigerator
The most important component on which the operation of the entire system depends is the compressor. For a long time, the Atlant plant used its own compressors produced at its subsidiary, which ensured high maintainability and availability of spare parts. However, in modern models you can find units from various manufacturers, including Danfoss (Secop), Embraco and other European partners.
Structurally, the compressor is a sealed metal case, inside which an electric motor and a crank mechanism are located. Motor-compressor creates the pressure necessary for the circulation of the refrigerant. Modern linear compressors installed in top models have fewer moving parts, which reduces vibration and noise levels.
Typical parameters of the Atlant compressor:- Refrigerant: R600a or R134a
- Power: 100-140 W
- Energy efficiency class: A+ and higher
The compressor housing is painted with a special heat-resistant paint that can withstand heat during operation. At the bottom there is a start-up relay that protects the engine from overloads. The reliability of this unit is critically important, since its replacement is a complex procedure that requires evacuation of the system.
- 🔇 Low noise level: Modern models are equipped with compressors with improved sound insulation and soft start.
- ⚡ Energy efficiency: Inverter technologies allow you to adjust the shaft rotation speed, saving electricity.
- 🛡️ Protection: Built-in thermal relay turns off the motor when overheated, preventing the windings from burning out.
⚠️ Attention: If you hear a loud knock or metallic clanging when starting refrigerator, this may indicate a malfunction of the compressor valves or mounting problems. Do not ignore these sounds, as they can lead to complete failure of the unit.
Cooling system and refrigerants
Cold circulation is ensured by refrigerant - a substance that boils at very low temperatures, taking heat from the refrigerator chambers. Old Atlant models used R134a freon, which had good refrigeration properties, but had a negative effect on the ozone layer. Modern production has completely switched to isobutane (R600a).
Isobutane is a natural gas that does not destroy the ozone layer and has excellent energy efficiency. However, it requires more careful assembly of the system, since it is a flammable substance. The pipelines in such systems are made of aluminum or steel with copper inserts, and all connections must be perfectly sealed.
Why is isobutane safer than it seems?
Although isobutane is flammable, its amount in the refrigerator system (about 30-40 grams) is too small to create an explosive concentration in the room during a normal leak. In addition, the gas is heavier than air and quickly dissipates when ventilated.
The evaporator, where the refrigerant boils, can be designed differently in different models. In No Frost systems, these are aluminum fins located behind the back panel of the freezer. In "crying wall" systems, the evaporator is hidden inside the rear wall of the refrigerator compartment, made of foamed polystyrene with sealed tubes.
The pipes connecting the compressor, condenser and evaporator are made of copper or steel with an anti-corrosion coating. Copper has better thermal conductivity, but steel is cheaper and stronger. The Atlant plant uses a combination of materials to optimize cost and reliability.
Thermal insulation: keeping the cold
The efficiency of the refrigerator directly depends on the quality of the thermal insulation. Between the inner and outer casing there is a layer polyurethane foam (PPU). This material is foamed directly into the cavity of the body under factory conditions, filling all voids and creating a monolithic layer without cold bridges.
The quality of polyurethane foam is determined by the size of its cells and density. Atlant refrigerators use high-density polyurethane foam, which has a low thermal conductivity coefficient. This allows you to maintain cold for a long time even during a power outage. The thickness of the insulation layer can vary from 3 to 6 cm depending on the model and energy efficiency class.
An important aspect is the environmental friendliness of the foaming agent. Modern technologies make it possible to use gases that do not harm the environment. Cured polyurethane foam also performs the function of sound insulation, absorbing vibrations from a running compressor.
| Parameter | Description | Impact on operation |
|---|---|---|
| PUR density | 35-45 kg/m³ | High density provides better insulation and rigidity of the housing. |
| Layer thickness | 30-60 mm | Increasing thickness reduces heat loss, but reduces useful volume. |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient | 0.022-0.025 W/m K | The lower the value, the more economical the refrigerator operates. |
| Moisture absorption | Minimum | High-quality polyurethane foam does not absorb moisture, retaining its properties for years. |
Electronics and control system
A modern Atlant refrigerator is a complex electronic device. Responsible for managing temperature conditions is electronic control unit, which reads the readings of temperature sensors. Temperature sensors (thermistors) are located in various areas of the chambers and accurately record changes even of 0.5 degrees.
The control panel can be mechanical (regulator with risks) or electronic (display with buttons or sensor). Electronic models use a microcontroller that controls not only the compressor, but also the fans, the No Frost system, the door open alarm and the super freeze mode.
The wiring inside the refrigerator is made of copper wires with insulation that is resistant to low temperatures and oil. All connections are reliably insulated and protected from vibration. Models with a display use a liquid crystal screen, which remains informative even at low ambient temperatures.
- 🌡️ Accuracy: Digital sensors ensure that the temperature is maintained with minimal error.
- 🔔 Alert: A sound and light alarm will warn of an open door or defrosting.
- 🔄 Adaptability: The system automatically adjusts the compressor operating time depending on the load of the chambers.
⚠️ Attention: Electronic control units are sensitive to power surges in the network. To extend the service life of the Atlant refrigerator electronics, it is recommended to use a surge protector or voltage stabilizer, especially in houses with old wiring.
☑️ Checking the build quality of the refrigerator
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
From which Is the inner box of the Atlant refrigerator made of metal?
In most models, the inner box (the base on which the shelves are placed) is made of the same impact-resistant plastic (polystyrene) as the rest of the lining. Only the outer case and the back panel remain metal. This is done to improve thermal insulation and reduce weight.
Is isobutane gas (R600a) safe in everyday life?
Yes, it is absolutely safe when used correctly. The amount of gas in the system is negligible (less than 50 grams), which cannot lead to an explosion or poisoning in an ordinary residential area. In addition, it is odorless and quickly evaporates.
Is it possible to paint the Atlant refrigerator a different color?
Technically it is possible, but this requires special training. Factory paint is applied using powder coating and baking technology. It is difficult to achieve the same quality with regular spray paint. It is better to use special vinyl films for covering equipment.
Why does the back wall inside the refrigerator become covered with ice?
In models with a “crying wall” system, this is a normal operating process. Moisture from the air condenses on the cold back wall (where the evaporator is hidden), freezes, and then, when the compressor turns off, melts and flows into the drain hole. This is part of the automatic defrosting system.
Where is the compressor for Atlant refrigerators manufactured?
The plant has its own production of compressors in Minsk, which is its unique advantage. However, depending on the model and year of manufacture, the units can use compressors either of their own production or purchased from partners (for example, Secop or Embraco), if this is required by the specifics of the model.