The failure of a refrigerator is always a stressful situation, especially when there are perishable products inside. Atlant refrigerators they have proven themselves to be reliable equipment, but even they are subject to component wear, and one of the most common causes of failure is the failure of the start relay. This small but critical element is responsible for starting the engine and protecting it from overloads, so its serviceability directly affects the unit’s ability to produce cold.
If you notice that compressor it hums, but does not start, or, conversely, clicks and immediately goes silent, the problem with a high degree of probability lies precisely in the starting device. Replacing this part on your own is within the capabilities of a person with minimal skills in working with tools, which allows you to save a significant amount on calling a technician. However, before you begin repair, you must clearly understand the structure of the unit and follow the pre-connection measures, since the work is carried out with live electricity.
In this article we will analyze in detail the process of diagnosing, selecting and installing a new relay, paying special attention to the nuances of connection various models of Atlant refrigerators Accurate adherence to the diagram and the sequence of actions ensures that your refrigerator will work like new again, and the engine will not be damaged during the replacement process. It is important to take your time and carefully study the design, since different series of equipment can be equipped with components that differ in their operating principles.
Principle of operation and types of starting relays
The starting relay is an electromechanical device that supplies an impulse to the starting winding of the engine only at the moment of start. As soon as the compressor rotor reaches the required speed, the current in the starting winding drops and the relay opens the circuit, leaving only the main winding running. In Atlant refrigerators most often there are two types of such devices: electromagnetic (old model) and posistor (modern), and each of them has its own design features.
Electromagnetic relays operate due to the magnetic field created by the current in the main winding, which retracts the core and closes the contacts of the starting circuit. PTC models use a thermistor (posistor), which heats up when voltage is applied and sharply increases its resistance, essentially breaking the circuit. Understanding which one is installed in your unit is important not only for purchasing the correct spare part, but also for correctly diagnosing the malfunction. type of relay installed in your unit, is important not only for purchasing the correct spare part, but also for correctly diagnosing the fault.
⚠️ Attention: Never try to start the compressor directly, bypassing the relay, even for a split second - this is guaranteed to lead to combustion windings or motor jamming.
Relay malfunction is often accompanied by characteristic sounds: clicks, buzzing or complete silence. If the relay is electromagnetic, it can be checked by ear - when turned over, it should not rattle, which indicates the integrity of the core. In the case of positor relay, a visual inspection may reveal cracks or blackening of the housing, which is an unambiguous sign of the need for replacement.
What is the difference between the RT and RZR relays?
RT (starting) relay and RZR (protective-starting) differ in design and method of fastening. RTs are usually mounted vertically and work with posistors, while RZRs are often equipped with a bimetallic strip for thermal protection and can be mounted horizontally. It is important to buy a spare part with the same index as the burnt one.
Fault diagnosis before replacement
Before buying a new part, you need to make sure that the problem lies in the relay, and not in the compressor or wiring itself. The first step should always be to completely unplug the refrigerator and visually inspect the wiring for melts or breaks. If the external electrical circuit is intact, you should remove the compressor casing and dismantle the relay itself for a more detailed analysis.
Checking the integrity of the contacts and internal elements allows you to accurately determine the cause of the failure. For electromagnetic relays, the condition of the moving core and contacts is important, which should not be oxidized or burnt. The posistor elements are checked with a multimeter: in a cold state, the resistance should be within normal limits (usually several tens of Ohms), and when heated, it should go to infinity.
- 🔍 Visually inspect the relay body for cracks, melting or traces of soot.
- ⚡ Ring the contacts with a multimeter - the circuit should close and open depending on the position.
- 👂 Shake the relay next to your ear - an extraneous knock inside indicates destruction of the core or ceramic element.
- 🌡️ Check the condition of the starting and operating windings of the compressor for a short circuit or break.
If diagnostics showed that the relay is faulty, and the motor windings are intact, you can safely proceed to replacement. However, if after replacing the relay the compressor still does not start or hums but does not turn, the problem may be deeper - it may have jammed itself piston mechanism or the tightness of the system has been compromised. In such cases, further repairs with your own hands are impractical and require the intervention of specialists with vacuum equipment.
Choice of compatible spare parts for Atlant
The spare parts market for refrigeration equipment offers many analogues, but for Atlant refrigerators critical It is important to select a relay with the correct electrical characteristics. The main parameter is the compressor power, which is indicated on the engine nameplate, and the type of refrigerant, since the starting current depends on this. Using an unsuitable relay will either prevent the engine from starting, or cause it to quickly overheat and burn out.
Original spare parts are marked according to the refrigerator model, but often they can be replaced with universal analogues subject to compatibility conditions. For example, relays of the RTK or RZR series are often interchangeable within the same line of compressors, but require careful study of the connection diagram. It is important to pay attention to the number of contacts and their location, since the geometric dimensions may differ.
| Relay model | Compressor type | Power (W) | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| RTK-1 | Single-phase | Up to 200 | Electromagnetic, vertical installation |
| RZR-1 | Single-phase | Up to 250 | Protective starting, with thermal protection |
| PTC (posistor) | Inverter/Linear | Various | No moving parts, silent |
| DEM-2 | Single-phase | Up to 180 | Old model, requires careful installation |
When purchasing, be sure to check the markings on the body of the old relay with the new part. If you cannot find the original, look for an analogue with identical starting current parameters and type of fastening. Relay contacts must fit tightly to the compressor terminals, so the geometry of the seat plays a decisive role.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics compressors may vary depending on the year of manufacture. Always check the data on the engine nameplate with the parameters of the spare part you are purchasing in the official catalog or from the seller.
Step-by-step instructions for replacing the relay
The process of replacing the start relay begins with safety: unplug the refrigerator and move it away from the wall to allow access to the rear. Remove the compressor protective cover, which is usually secured with latches or screws, and gain access to the motor. Before removing the old relay, it is recommended to photograph the wiring diagram so as not to confuse them when installing a new element.
Carefully remove the faulty relay from the compressor terminals. It may be a tight fit, so be careful not to damage the tubes or wires. If the relay is held in place by a bracket or frame, remove the fastening element first. After removal, carefully inspect the compressor terminals - they should be clean, free of oxides and carbon deposits, if necessary, clean them with fine sandpaper.
☑️ Checklist before installation
Install a new relay on the terminals compressor, maintaining the correct orientation (usually the “UP” marking or arrow should face up). Connect the wires according to the photograph taken earlier or the diagram on the body of the new relay. Make sure that all connections are secure and that the wires do not touch hot parts of the compressor or moving elements.
After installation, reassemble the structure in the reverse order, secure the relay with a frame or bracket and install the protective casing. Plug in the refrigerator and listen to the compressor: it should start smoothly, without buzzing or clicking. If the startup was successful, leave the refrigerator idling for 30-40 minutes, monitoring the body temperature and the absence of extraneous noise.
Connection diagram and pinout
Correct connection of wires is the key to successful repair, and here it is extremely important not to confuse phase, neutral and grounding. On the body of most relays Atlant refrigerators there is a diagram showing the pins: C (Common), R (Run/Working) and S (Start). The common wire usually goes directly from the power cable, the working wire - through a thermal relay (if it is separate), and the starting wire - only through the starting device.
If the markings are erased or missing, you should focus on the color of the wires, although this is not always reliable, since the colors could have changed during previous repairs. The standard diagram assumes that the white or brown wire is phase, blue is neutral, and yellow-green is ground. Inside the compressor terminal box, the terminals can also be marked or color coded, which must be matched with the relay contacts.
Connection diagram (standard):Power cable (Phase) --> Thermal relay --> Contact "R" of the compressor
Power cable (Zero) --> Contact "C" of the compressor
Starting relay --> Contact "S" of the compressor
In some models, the starting and thermal relays are combined into one unit, which simplifies installation, but requires the purchase of a strictly specific model. When connecting, make sure that the wires are not stretched and do not create stress on the contacts, since the vibration of the compressor over time can lead to loosening of the connection and sparking.
Typical errors and safety measures
One of the most common mistakes is ignoring the condition of the compressor itself when replacing the relay. If the motor has an interturn short circuit or mechanical wear, installing a new relay will not solve the problem, but will only lead to repeated burnout of the expensive part. Therefore, comprehensive diagnostics, including measuring the resistance of the windings, is a mandatory step before purchasing spare parts.
Another common mistake is incorrect orientation of the relay during installation. Many models are designed to operate only in a vertical position, and installing them sideways or upside down disrupts mechanical performance or heat dissipation. This is especially true for electromagnetic relays, where gravity is involved in returning the core to its original position.
- ❌ Do not leave bare wires or poorly insulated twists inside the casing.
- ❌ Do not install the relay "at random" without checking the tightness of the fit on the terminals.
- ❌ Do not ignore the smell of burning or plastic immediately after the first turn on.
- ❌ Do not carry out work under voltage, even if it seems more convenient.
⚠️ Attention: After replacing the relay and first turn on, be sure to check the current consumption of the compressor with a current clamp. If it is significantly higher than the nominal value, immediately turn off the device - this is a sign of engine malfunction.
Compliance with safety measures when working with electrical appliances is not just a formality, but a necessity. Work only with dry hands, use tools with insulated handles and make sure that there is no high humidity in the room. If you feel unsure of your actions or are faced with an unusual situation, it is better to turn to professionals.
Why does the relay heat up after replacement?
If the new relay gets very hot, this may indicate poor contact at the connection, incorrectly selected power or problems with the compressor windings. It is also possible that the spare part itself is defective.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to install a relay from another brand of refrigerator on Atlant?
Yes, this is possible if the electrical parameters (starting current, voltage) and geometric dimensions are the same. However, it is better to look for original spare parts or specialized analogues, since universal relays may require modification of the fastenings.
How often do you need to change the starting relay?
The starting relay does not have a strict service life and is replaced only after a breakdown. Under normal operating conditions, it can last 10-15 years or more. Frequent replacements indicate problems with the compressor or voltage surges in the network.
Why does a new relay burn out immediately after installation?
This can happen for several reasons: a jammed compressor, an interturn short circuit in the windings, lack of grounding or voltage surges in the network. It is also possible that the part itself is defective or an error during installation.
Is it necessary to evacuate the system when replacing the relay?
No, when replacing the starting relay, only the electrical part is broken, the tightness of the freon circuit is not affected. Evacuation and refilling are required only when repairing tubes or replacing the compressor itself.