Sudden stoppage of the refrigerator Atlant often causes panic, but in many cases the cause of the breakdown is the failure of the compressor start relay. This small element is responsible for starting the engine and protecting it from overloads, being a critical component of the entire cooling system. If you notice that the unit hums but does not start, or the motor runs jerkily with constant clicks, the problem most likely lies in this component.
Before calling a technician or looking for a new refrigerator, it makes sense to carry out the initial diagnostics yourself. Testing a relay is a procedure that is accessible even to a person without deep technical knowledge, if you take precautions and have a basic tool at hand. In this article we will analyze in detail the structure of the mechanism, the symptoms of malfunctions and the algorithm of actions for checking the serviceability of the part.
Timely detection of a defect will allow you to avoid more serious consequences, such as combustion of the compressor windings. Understanding the operating principle of this unit will help you not only save your budget, but also extend the life of your household appliances. Next, we will look at how this mechanism works and what tools are required for accurate diagnosis.
The principle of operation and the design of the starting relay
The starting relay in refrigerators Atlant is an electromagnetic switch that connects the starting winding of the compressor at the moment of start. As soon as the engine reaches the required speed, the relay opens the circuit, and the motor continues to operate on the main winding. In parallel with the starting function, thermal protection often operates, which turns off the power in case of critical overheating or current overload.
Structurally, the device consists of an inductor, a movable core and a contact group. In normal condition the contacts are open. When voltage is applied to the main winding, current flows through the relay coil, creating a magnetic field. This field draws in the core, which mechanically closes the contacts of the starting winding, providing the necessary torque for the motor shaft.
Thermal relay, built into the housing or located nearby, contains a bimetallic plate. It responds to temperature or current. If the compressor seizes or operates under extreme conditions, the plate flexes and breaks the power circuit, preventing fire or insulation melting. After cooling, the contacts close again and the cycle repeats.
It is important to understand that relays can have different contact arrangements and operating principle. Models Atlant most often contain devices from the RT, RTP series or more modern analogues. Incorrect installation or the use of a non-original analogue can lead to rapid failure of the compressor itself.
Symptoms of malfunction and external signs
A relay failure can be determined by the characteristic sound and visual signs that appear during operation of the refrigerator. The most obvious signal is the cyclic repetition of startup attempts: you hear a click, a short hum of the motor, then another click and silence. This cycle may repeat every few minutes until you unplug the device.
Another alarming symptom is the characteristic smell of burning or melted plastic in the compressor area. If, during a visual inspection, you notice blackening of the relay housing, swelling or traces of soot, this is a direct indication that a breakdown or overheating has occurred inside. Also, the compressor may run continuously without turning off, which leads to overcooking of food in the freezer.
⚠️ Attention: If you smell burnt wiring or see sparking, immediately unplug the refrigerator from the electrical outlet. Further operation in this condition may lead to a short circuit in the apartment's wiring.
Sometimes the malfunction manifests itself in the fact that the refrigerator turns on, runs for a few seconds and turns off. This may indicate that the thermal protection is triggered instantly due to faulty contacts inside the relay. In some cases, the motor hums, but does not start, emitting a low-frequency hum, which indicates a jammed switching mechanism or burnt contacts.
Preparation for diagnostics and the necessary tools
To conduct a high-quality check of the refrigerator relay Atlant you will need the minimum a set of tools that most home craftsmen have. The main device for diagnosing an electrical circuit is a multimeter (tester), capable of measuring resistance and testing circuits. Without this device, accurate diagnosis is almost impossible, since a visual inspection does not always reveal internal breaks.
Before starting any work, it is necessary to completely turn off the power to the refrigerator. Unplug the power cord and gain access to the compressor, which is usually located at the lower rear of the unit. To remove the protective casing and dismantle the relay itself, you may need screwdrivers (Phillips and flat-head) and pliers.
It is also recommended to prepare a clean rag to remove dust and possible oil from the contacts, since contamination can distort the readings of the device. If you are planning a replacement, find out the model of your refrigerator in advance Atlantto select a compatible analogue.
☑️ Preparing to check the relay
It is important to ensure good lighting of the work area, since the markings on the relay may be small, and the contacts are tightly located. If the floor in the room is wet or you are standing on a metal base, lay a rubber mat or a dry board to comply with safety precautions when working with electrical appliances.
Visual inspection and dismantling of the device
The first stage of diagnosis is a thorough visual inspection of the relay removed from the compressor. Carefully disconnect the block with wires and remove the device from the compressor contacts. Pay attention to the condition of the plastic case: the presence of cracks, traces of melting or deformation indicates overheating of the internal elements.
Shake the relay next to your ear. If there is a noticeable knocking or rattling noise inside, it may mean that the mechanical parts are broken or have become loose. In good condition, there should be no loose parts inside. Also inspect the contacts for oxidation, carbon deposits or corrosion.
If there is a marking on the relay body, write it down. For models Atlant this may be designations such as RTP-1, RTK or imported analogues. Compare the appearance of your device with photographs of original parts on the Internet. Sometimes manufacturers change the design, and visually the relay may differ from what it was originally.
What to do if the relay is filled with oil?
If, when removing the relay, you find oil inside, this is a bad sign. This means that the compressor has been sealed or overheated. In this case, replacing the relay may not help, and a more in-depth diagnosis of the motor will be required.
Pay special attention to the contact group. If the contacts are blackened or covered with soot, they can be carefully cleaned with fine sandpaper or a file, but this is a temporary measure. Often, burnt indicates that the part's service life has been exhausted and it requires replacement.
Checking a relay with a multimeter: step-by-step instructions
The most accurate way to check is to test the continuity of the windings and contacts using a multimeter. Switch the device to resistance measurement mode (Ohm) or continuity mode. If you don't have a multimeter, you can use a test lamp, but it is less informative for checking coil resistance.
First check the integrity of the inductor. Connect the multimeter leads to the corresponding relay contacts (usually the input and output to the coil). The device must show a certain resistance (usually from 30 to 200 Ohms, depending on the model). If the resistance is infinitely high (one on the screen), then there is a break in the coil and the relay will not create a magnetic field.
Then check the thermal protection. Ring the contacts of the thermal relay. When cold, they should be closed, and the device should show zero or close to zero resistance. If the circuit is open, the thermal protection is faulty and requires replacement.
For electromagnetic relays, it is important to check the mobility of the core. When voltage is applied (which is dangerous to do at home without experience), the core should retract. However, this can be indirectly checked by applying voltage to the coil separately from the compressor (being careful) and listening for a click, but it is safer to check the resistance of the windings.
⚠️ Attention: When testing a relay under voltage, be extremely careful. Use insulated probes and do not touch live parts with your hands. It is better to limit yourself to measuring resistance in the off state.
If the multimeter shows a short circuit (resistance is close to zero where it should not be), this means an interturn short circuit in the coil. Such a relay will consume enormous current and will quickly fail, potentially damaging the wiring of the refrigerator.
Compatibility and relay parameters table
When selecting a new relay for a refrigerator Atlant it is critical to consider the power of the compressor and the type of refrigerant. Using an unsuitable part will either prevent the motor from starting or burn out the windings due to untimely shutdown of the starting circuit.
Below is a table of the main parameters of common relays used in the equipment of this brand. Pay attention to the markings, since visually similar devices may have different current characteristics.
| Relay type | Compressor power | Contact type | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| RTK-1 | 1/6 - 1/5 hp | Electromagnetic | Old Atlant models |
| RTP-1 | 1/6 - 1/4 hp | Posistor | Modern models |
| P-3 | 1/4 - 1/3 hp | Electromagnetic | Two-compressor |
| 10.127 | Universal | Combined | Analogue for replacement |
If you cannot find an exact analogue, you can install a universal relay with a power range that covers the parameters of your compressor. However, it is best to look for original spare parts or certified replacements recommended by the factory Atlant.
Replacement of relays and performance testing
The process of replacing a relay does not require complex equipment. After you have confirmed that the old part is faulty and purchased a new one, install it on the compressor contacts. Make sure that the relay is put on tightly and all the way, and that the contacts fit into the mating sockets of the compressor without distortion.
Connect the block with wires. Check that the wires do not touch hot parts of the compressor or moving parts (if there are any in the access area). Place the protective cover in place and secure it.
Plug in the refrigerator. In the first seconds you should hear a characteristic click and the engine starting. If the compressor started working smoothly and after some time cold appeared in the chamber, then the repair was completed successfully. If the situation repeats (clicks, humming, shutdown), the problem may be deeper - in the compressor itself or the wiring.
Why did the new relay burn out immediately?
If the new relay burns out instantly, the cause may be an interturn short circuit in the compressor windings or jamming of the piston group. In this case, the compressor needs to be replaced.
After replacement, it is recommended to monitor the operation of the unit for several hours. Pay attention to the temperature of the relay housing: it may become slightly warm, but should not be hot. Also check whether the refrigerator turns off cyclically when the set temperature is reached.
Frequent errors in diagnostics and repair
One of the most common mistakes is an attempt to clean the contacts with sandpaper and (continue to use) a relay with a cracked housing. Violation of the tightness of the housing leads to the ingress of moisture and dust, which inevitably causes repeated failure in the shortest possible time.
Another mistake is ignoring the voltage check in the network. If the voltage in your network fluctuates, this may be the reason for the frequent failure of the automatic starter. In such cases, it is recommended to install a voltage stabilizer to protect all household appliances.
Some craftsmen try to “revive” the relay by tapping or temporarily closing the contacts. This is strictly forbidden, as this may result in a fire or electric shock. The relay is a consumable item, and replacing it is much cheaper than repairing the wiring or buying a new refrigerator.
⚠️ Attention: Specifications and compatibility of parts may vary depending on the year of manufacture and modification of the refrigerator. Always check the markings on the nameplate of your device with the manufacturer’s documentation before purchasing spare parts.
Remember that high-quality repairs require care. Do not rush to assemble the refrigerator until you are sure that all connections are secure. A correctly selected and installed relay will ensure stable operation of your Atlanta for many years.
Can a burnt relay be repaired or just replaced?
A refrigerator relay is sealed or semi-hermetic a unit that is practically impossible to repair at home. Attempts to disassemble it and clean the contacts give only a short-term effect. Considering the low cost of a new part, repairing an old relay is not economically feasible and unsafe.
Why does the relay click, but the refrigerator does not turn on?
Clicks indicate that the thermal protection is triggered, trying to start the compressor, but the start relay does not perform its function or the compressor is jammed. This may be caused by a break in the starting winding, a malfunction of the relay itself, or a mechanical defect in the motor.
Where can you find the relay markings on the Atlant refrigerator?
The markings are usually applied to the plastic body of the relay itself or pasted on it in the form of a sticker. To see it, you need to remove the back cover at the bottom of the refrigerator and carefully disconnect the wiring block from the compressor.
How long does the starting relay last on average?
The average service life of a high-quality starting relay is from 5 to 10 years, but it greatly depends on the stability of the voltage in the network and the frequency of switching on of the refrigerator. Power surges can reduce this period to 1-2 years.