Sudden stoppage of the compressor or its inability to start in the refrigerator Biryusa often indicates a failure of the start relay. This small but critical element is responsible for supplying a starting pulse to the motor winding. Without it, the motor simply hums, but does not start, or the thermal protection is triggered, disconnecting the unit from the network.
Diagnostics of this part does not require complex equipment, but does require compliance with safety precautions. In this article we will look in detail at how to identify a malfunction, check the contacts with a multimeter and understand when an urgent replacement of a component is necessary.
Correct and timely testing allows you to avoid more expensive compressor repairs. Ignoring the symptoms can lead to overheating and engine wedge, so it is important to pay close attention to the first signs of a malfunction of the starting system.
Main symptoms of a faulty starting relay
The first sign that should alert the owner is a characteristic sound. If you hear the motor trying to start, making a hum, clicking, and then a second click and silence, this is a classic scenario. Thermal protection triggered because current cannot pass through open contacts or a jammed mechanism.
In some cases The compressor may not make any sound at all, remaining cold while the refrigerator body heats up. This may indicate that the contacts inside the relay have become so oxidized that the circuit does not close at all. It is also worth paying attention to the appearance of the part: the presence of carbon deposits, melting or cracks on the body indicates that the element requires immediate replacement.
Frequent blackouts in the apartment or power surges could cause failure of the electronic filling or the mechanical part of the relay. If your refrigerator Biryusa starts to behave strangely after a thunderstorm or power surge, checking the starter becomes a top priority.
- 🔊 The compressor hums for 5-10 seconds, then clicks and goes silent.
- 🔥 The relay body has visible traces of melting or blackening.
- ❄️ The refrigerator compartment is not cooling, although the light is on.
- ⚡ The smell of burnt wiring or plastic is heard in the motor area.
⚠️ Attention: If the relay makes a crackling sound or sparks after clicking, immediately unplug the refrigerator. Operation in this condition may result in a wiring fire.
⚠️ Attention: Relay specifications may vary depending on the compressor model. Always check the markings of the new part with the original before installation.
Preparation for diagnostics and dismantling the relay
Before starting the test, it is necessary to ensure safe access to the unit. Unplug the refrigerator Biryusa from the electrical outlet and move it away from the wall. You will need free space to work with the rear panel of the unit. Let the compressor cool for 15-20 minutes if it was running before.
Remove the rear protective cover covering the motor-compressor. It is usually secured with latches or several screws. Under the cover you will see a black barrel-shaped cylinder - this is the compressor, and on its side there is a starting relay, often covered with a plastic casing.
Carefully remove the casing and disconnect the wire connectors. Remember or take a photo of the connection diagram so that you don’t mix up the contacts during assembly. The relay itself is usually simply put on the three pins of the compressor, sometimes secured with a metal bracket or a plastic clip.
☑️ Preparation for diagnostics
To work you will need a Phillips screwdriver and a multimeter. If you do not have a multimeter, a visual inspection and a “hearing” test (for experienced craftsmen) can provide initial information, but only the device will give an accurate result.
Visual inspection and search for external defects
After removing the relay from its seat, first perform a thorough visual inspection. Shake the part near your ear: if something inside dangles and rattles, it means the mechanism is destroyed. In good condition, there should be no free movement of heavy elements inside.
Inspect the contacts for oxidation. Green or white coating on the copper plates prevents the flow of current. If the contacts are simply dirty, they can be carefully cleaned with fine sandpaper, but if the metal is burnt, the part will have to be replaced.
Pay attention to the condition of the spring and the movable core. The spring must be elastic, without signs of corrosion or stretching. The core should move freely inside the coil without jamming or sticking to the walls.
- 👀 Check the housing for cracks from overheating.
- 🔌 Inspect the terminals for melted wire insulation.
- 🧲 Make sure that the magnetic core does not have chips.
Checking serviceability with a multimeter
The most accurate diagnostic method is to test the windings and contacts with a multimeter. Switch the device to resistance (Ohm) or continuity measurement mode. This will allow you to determine the integrity of the electrical circuit inside the relay.
Depending on the type of relay you have (RTK, P-1, P-3 or electronic), the methodology may differ slightly. For electromagnetic relays, the coil resistance and the condition of the contacts are checked. In the normal position (with the rod up), the contacts are open, and in the inverted position (imitation of operation) they should be closed.
If the multimeter shows infinity (one on the screen) where it should be connection, it means there is an open circuit. If it shows zero where the insulation should be, a short circuit has occurred. In both cases, the relay is considered faulty.
| Relay type | Normal position | Coil resistance | Contact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electromagnetic (RTK) | Stem down | 10-30 Ohm | Open |
| Electromagnetic (P-1) | Stem below | 15-40 Ohm | Open |
| Thermal (P-3) | Any | Infinity | Closed (bimetal) |
| Electronic | Any | Depends on the circuit | Controlled by the board |
When checking electronic relays (often found in modern models Biryusa with inverter compressors), continuity testing may not yield results, since there is a semiconductor circuit there. They are checked by substituting a known good element.
Features of different types of relays in Biryusa
Refrigerators Biryusa over many years of production have been equipped with different types of compressors and, accordingly, different starting devices. Old models were often equipped with relays of type RTK or R-1, which are distinguished by their massiveness and the presence of a copper coil.
Newer models can use series relays P-3 or their analogues, which operate on the principle of thermal expansion of the plate. They react to the strength of the current: when starting, the current is high, the plate heats up and opens the starting winding circuit, leaving the working one.
Modern units are increasingly equipped with electronic starting relays. They are more compact, have no moving mechanical parts and are less susceptible to wear and tear from vibration. However, their price is higher, and it is more difficult to diagnose them without special equipment.
Is it possible to install a relay from another refrigerator?
Yes, if the electrical parameters (operation current, voltage) and mounting dimensions match. Relays from Atlant or Indesit refrigerators are often suitable, but it is better to look for the original or a complete analogue by catalog number.
It is important to understand that interchangeability is only possible if the technical specifications are observed. Installing an unsuitable relay can lead to burnout of the compressor windings.
Replacement and installation of a new element
If diagnostics confirm a malfunction, you need to purchase a new element. When purchasing, be guided by the markings on the body of the old relay. Numbers and letters such as RTK-1 or 113205will help you find an exact copy in a spare parts store.
Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removal. Push the new relay onto the compressor pins as far as it will go. Make sure it fits snugly and doesn't wobble. If the design provides a fixing bracket or clamp, install them in place.
Connect the wires to the terminals according to the previously made diagram or photograph. Check the reliability of the contacts: they should not dangle or spark. After assembling all the elements, you can turn on the refrigerator to the network.
- ✅ Make sure that the relay is oriented correctly (up arrow).
- ✅ Check the tightness of the wires to the terminals.
- ✅ After turning on, listen: the start-up should be smooth, without buzzing.
It is better to check the first start after replacement. If the compressor started working smoothly and after some time cold appeared in the chamber, then the repair was completed successfully.
⚠️ Attention: Incorrect orientation of the relay (upside down) will lead to the mechanism not working and the compressor burning out. Always look for the marking
UPorUP.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to repair the starting relay or just replace it?
B 95% of the time the relay is a disposable element. Attempts to disassemble it and clean the contacts give only a temporary effect, since the calibration of the mechanism and the tightness are disrupted. A complete replacement is recommended.
How much does a starting relay cost for Biryusa?
The cost of mechanical relays (RTK, R-1) usually ranges from 300 to 600 rubles. Electronic analogues can cost from 800 to 1,500 rubles and more, depending on the refrigerator model.
Why does a new relay burn out after a month?
A common reason is problems with the compressor itself (turn-to-turn short circuit) or unstable voltage in the network. It is also possible that a relay with an inappropriate response current has been selected.
Where is the starting relay in the Biryusa refrigerator?
It is located in a niche on the back wall of the refrigerator, directly on the side of the black cylindrical compressor, often hidden under a plastic protective cap.