The starting protection relay is a small but critical unit in refrigerators Atlant, which is responsible for starting the compressor and protecting it from overloads. If your refrigerator suddenly stops freezing, makes clicks, but does not turn on, or the compressor works intermittently, in 70% of cases this relay is to blame. Checking the relay is not required professional skills, but without knowing the connection diagram and basic safety rules, you can aggravate the breakdown or get an electric shock.
In this article we will analyze three diagnostic methods (visual inspection, multimeter check and test with direct connection of the compressor), typical symptoms of relay malfunction in models Atlant (from MHM-170 to two-chamber NO FROST), and also provide a checklist for a quick check. A feature of relays in refrigerators Atlant is the use of thermal protection with normally closed contacts, which distinguishes them from brand relays Indesit or Stinol.
If you have never dealt with electricity, it is better to invite a specialist. Working with a compressor and relay under 220V voltage is life-threatening! However, for those who are ready to act carefully, our instructions will help save 1500-3000 rubles on diagnostics at the service center.
1. Signs of a faulty start-up protection relay
The relay in the refrigerator Atlant performs two functions: starts the compressor when turned on and turns it off when overheating or power surges. If the relay fails, symptoms will be noticeable immediately. Here are the most common signs:
- 🔊 Clicks without starting the compressor: the relay is activated (clicks), but the motor does not start working. This indicates a break in the starting winding or stuck contacts.
- ❄️ The refrigerator does not freeze, but the light inside is on. The compressor may be hot to the touch - this means the relay does not turn it off if it overheats.
- ⚡ The compressor runs for 5-10 seconds and turns off. A typical symptom of a burnt out starting winding or a malfunction of the thermal protection in the relay.
- 🔥 Smell of burning near the compressor. Either the relay itself or the motor windings are burning due to lack of protection.
In models Atlant with a system No Frost (for example, ATLANT XM 6025-031) a faulty relay can also lead to fan failure - due to the fact that the compressor does not create the required pressure in the system.
Important: If the refrigerator turns on, but after 1-2 minutes turns off and no longer starts, the problem may not be in the relay, but in thermostat or freon leak. In this case, complex diagnostics is required.
2. Where is the relay located in the refrigerator Atlant and how to remove it
In most models Atlant (for example, MHM 1708-80, XM 4426-080), the start-protection relay is attached directly to the compressor and is covered with a plastic cover. To dismantle it:
- Unplug the refrigerator from the outlet and move it away from the wall.
- Remove the bottom rear cover (if there is one) or simply gain access to the compressor.
- The relay is located on the side of the compressor and is connected to it via three contacts (usually marked as
S,M,C). - Carefully remove the relay by pulling it up or snapping the clamps (depending on the model). Do not pull the wires!
On some models (for example, ATLANT XM 6321-180) the relay may be hidden under a metal casing - it must be unscrewed with a Phillips screwdriver.
Photo for clarity:
What a relay looks like in a refrigerator Atlant?
The relay is a plastic box measuring approximately 5x5 cm with three conclusions. There may be a sticker with markings on it (for example, RTK-X or DHR). Inside there is a coil, a core and a bimetallic thermal protection plate.
3. Visual inspection of the relay: what to pay attention to
Before taking the multimeter, carefully inspect the relay for physical damage. Here is what should alert you:
- 🔥 Burnt or melted. contacts -a sign of a short circuit or overheating.
- 💨 Blistering or cracks on the plastic case - indicates overheating of the internal elements.
- 🧲 Rust on metal parts (especially on the spring or core) - can block the movement of the contacts.
- 🔌 Oxidation or burning of leads —deteriorates contact and can lead to false alarms.
If you find at least one of these signs, the relay must be replaced. Even if it is still partially workingdamaged contacts will eventually lead to failure compressor.
Practical example: In the model Atlant MHM 1842-80 there is often a problem with sticking of the core due to moisture ingress. This leads to the fact that the relay clicks, but does not open the circuit - the compressor works without stopping. overheats.
Disconnected the refrigerator from the network|
Removed the relay from compressor|
Inspected the housing for cracks and melts|
Checked the contacts for oxidation|
Prepared a multimeter (continuity test or 200 Ohm mode)-->
4 Checking the relay with a multimeter: step-by-step. instructions
To diagnose the relay you will need multimeter (even the simplest model for 300 rubles will do). Switch it to the continuity test or resistance measurement mode (200 Ohms). Next, follow the algorithm:
Step 1. Checking the circuit. between the contacts M and C (working winding).
Connect the multimeter probes to the terminals M and C. The resistance should be in the range of 15–40 Ohms (the exact values depend on the compressor model If the device shows OL (break) or 0 (short circuit), the relay is faulty.
Step 2. Checking the circuit between S i M (start winding).
Here the resistance should be abovethan between M and C —usually 30–100 Ohms. If the readings are outside these limits, the problem is in the relay trigger coil.
Step 3. Checking the thermal protection.
Put the multimeter into continuity mode and connect the probes to the thermal protection contacts (usually a separate pair of leads or contacts 3 i 4 on some models). At room temperature, the circuit should be closed (sound signal or resistance ~0 Ohm). If the circuit is open, the thermal protection has tripped and requires a reset (or replacement of the relay).
Table of normal indicators for refrigerator relays Atlant:
| Contact | Normal resistance (Ohm) | What does deviation mean |
|---|---|---|
M — C |
15–40 | Open or short circuit in the working winding |
S — M |
30–100 | Problem in the starting winding |
Thermal protection (3–4) |
0 (closed) | The protection has tripped or the circuit is open |
⚠️ Attention! If the circuit is open when checking the thermal protection, try cooling the relay in the freezer (10–15 minutes). If after this the circuit closes, the relay is still working, but requires replacement in the near future.
5. Direct connection of the compressor: an extreme diagnostic method
If the multimeter shows that the relay is faulty, but you are still in doubt, you can temporarily connect the compressor directlybypassing the relay. This method is dangerous -use it only if you are confident in your actions!
How to connect:
- Disconnect the relay from the compressor.
- Connect the power wires (220V) directly to the contacts
MiCon the compressor. Use terminals or clamps - do not hold the wires with your hands! - Apply voltage briefly (for 1-2 seconds!). If the compressor starts, the problem is definitely in the relay.
⚠️ Attention! Do not keep the compressor turned on for more than 2-3 seconds without a relay - this will lead to overheating of the windings. This method is only for testing, not for permanent operation!
What to do if the compressor does not start?
If the motor does not start when connected directly, the problem may be:
- 🔋 Malfunction of the compressor windings (replacement required).
- 🔌 Open circuit in the power supply (check the cable and plug).
- 🧊 Jammed compressor piston (a master is needed).
6. Typical relay malfunctions in refrigerators Atlant and their causes
Analysis of service centers shows that in 80% of cases the relay fails for the following reasons:
- ⚡ Power surges: A common problem in rural areas or old houses. The relay Atlant is designed for 220V ±10%, but with surges up to 250V the thermal protection burns out.
- 💦 Moisture ingress: Condensation from the back wall of the refrigerator can oxidize the relay contacts, especially in models with a drip system (ATLANT XM 4626-100).
- 🔄 Frequent on/off: If the refrigerator is in a hot room or the door is opened too often, the compressor overheats and the relay operates more often than normal.
- ⏳ Natural wear: The average service life of the relay is 7–10 years. After this, the bimetallic plate loses its elasticity.
Models Atlantmost susceptible to problems with the relay:
MHM 1708-80, XM 4426-080, XM 6025-031 (due to the design features of the compressor casing, which is poorly ventilated).
⚠️ Attention! If you replaced the relay, but the problem persists, check:
- The voltage in the socket (should be 220V ±5%).
- The condition of the door seal (a worn seal leads to overload of the compressor).
- Room temperature (optimally 18–22°C; at +30°C and above the relay operates more often).
7. Replacement of the relay: which one to choose and how to install
If the diagnostics confirmed a malfunction. relay, it needs to be replaced. It is important to choose an analogue that is compatible with your model Atlant. Main parameters for selection:
- 🔧 Relay type: For Atlant suitable relay RTK-X, DHR, RL3-109 or 3TS-15K (depending on the compressor power).
- 🔢 Rated current: Indicated on the relay body (for example, 1.2 A or 1.8 A).
- 🔌 Connection diagram: Must match the original (3 or 4 contacts).
How to install a new relay:
- Compare the old and new relay - the contacts should be located identically.
- Connect the new relay to the compressor, observing the markings (
S,M,C). - Secure the relay to the compressor (latches or screws).
- Connect the power wires in accordance with circuit (usually black -
C, red -M, orange/yellow -S). - Check the operation of the refrigerator.
Relay cost for Atlant (2026 year):
Original relay RTK-X —800–1200 rubles.
Analogues (DHR, RL3) - 500–900 rubles.
⚠️ Attention! After replacing the relay, the refrigerator may operate intermittently for the first 1-2 hours - this is normal, since the system equalizes the freon pressure. If the problem does not disappear after a day, check the correct connection or contact a technician.
FAQ: Frequently asked questions about checking relays in refrigerators Atlant
Is it possible to repair the relay yourself without buying a new one?
Theoretically, yes, if there is a problem c oxidized ones. contacts (they can be cleaned with sandpaper) or stuck core (try to gently move it with a screwdriver). However, in 90% of cases such measures give a temporary effect. If the winding or thermal protection is burned out, the relay must only be replaced.
How to distinguish a relay malfunction from a compressor breakdown?
If the relay clicks, but the compressor does not start - problem in the relay or motor starting windingIf the relay is silent and the compressor too, it is most likely burned out. the compressor winding is working or there is no power. For an accurate diagnosis, you need to check with a multimeter (see section 4).
What to do if the new relay also does not work?
Probable reasons:
- 🔌 Incorrect connection of contacts (check the diagram).
- ⚡ Problems with voltage in the network (use a stabilizer).
- 🔧 Compressor malfunction (windings need to be checked).
- 🧊 Compressor jammed (replacement required).
How long does it take to replace a relay?
For an experienced technician - 15–20 minutes. If you are doing this for the first time, allow 40–60 minutes (including diagnostics and troubleshooting). relay from another refrigerator (for example
Is it possible to use a relay from another refrigerator (for example, Indesit or Stinol)?
Only if them technical parameters are completely the same (current, winding resistance, connection diagram). Relay from Indesit often have a different contact configuration, so they will not physically fit the compressor Atlant. It is better to buy the original or a certified analogue.