Refrigeration equipment of the brand Polyus has been an integral part of kitchens in many homes for many years, having established itself as a reliable and unpretentious assistant. Understanding exactly how this unit functions allows owners not only to operate the equipment correctly, but also to quickly diagnose emerging problems, avoiding expensive repairs.
The work is based on continuous thermodynamic cycle, which ensures heat removal from the internal chamber to the external environment. This process occurs automatically and is controlled by electronics or mechanical relays that respond to the slightest changes in the temperature conditions inside the cabinet.
Knowledge of the basic principles will help you better navigate the settings and operating modes of your device. Let's look at each element of this complex system in detail so that you can confidently use your refrigerator for many years.
The main elements of the refrigeration system
The heart of any refrigerator, including models Poleis compressor. It is this unit that creates the pressure necessary for the circulation of the refrigerant in a closed circuit. Modern units are often equipped with inverter motors, which are quieter and more economical than classic options.
The second key component is condenser, usually located on the back wall or hidden in the base of the case. Here, the gaseous refrigerant is liquefied, which releases the accumulated heat into the surrounding space.
It is impossible to imagine the operation of the system without evaporatorhidden behind the inner panel of the freezer. It is in this unit that freon boils at low pressure, which causes a sharp cooling of the air inside the refrigerator.
- ❄️ Compressor: creates pressure and drives freon through the system.
- 🔥 Condenser: cools and condenses the gas, converting it into the liquid.
- 💧 Evaporator: provides direct cooling of the chambers due to the boiling of the refrigerant.
- 🔧 Capillary tube: regulates the pressure and doses the supply of refrigerant.
All these elements are connected by copper tubes, forming a sealed circuit. Violation of the integrity of any of the connections leads to refrigerant leakage and a complete stop of cooling.
Refrigeration cycle and movement of refrigerant
The cooling process begins at the moment when thermostat gives a signal to start the compressor. The gaseous refrigerant is compressed, its temperature rises sharply, and it enters the condenser under high pressure.
Passing through the coils of the condenser, the hot gas cools and turns into a liquid state. Next, the liquid enters a narrow capillary tube, where the pressure drops sharply, which allows the refrigerant to boil at very low temperatures.
⚠️ Attention: If you hear gurgling or hissing after turning off the engine, this is normal. The refrigerant flows into the low-pressure zone, completing the cycle.
In the evaporator, liquid freon actively boils, taking heat from the internal space of the chambers. After this, the already gaseous, but cold refrigerant is again sucked in by the compressor, and the cycle is repeated.
The effectiveness of this process directly depends on the quality thermal insulation of the housing and the tightness of the door seals. Any gap causes the compressor to work harder, trying to compensate for the influx of warm air.
Control system and sensors
Modern models Pole equipped with sophisticated electronics that monitor the operation of all components. Thermostat or an electronic sensor constantly reads the temperature inside the chambers and compares it with user-specified values.
In models with a system No Frost the defrost timer plays an important role. It periodically turns on the heating element located in the evaporator to melt the ice that inevitably forms during operation.
| Component | Function | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Thermostat | Turning the motor on/off | Inside the refrigerator compartment |
| Defrosting heating element | Heating the evaporator | Behind the rear wall of the freezer |
| Defrost sensor | Defrosting temperature control | On the evaporator |
| Fan | Cold air circulation | B freezer compartment |
If one of the sensors fails, the system may go into emergency mode or stop cooling food. The electronic control module records errors and can signal them by flashing indicators.
The role of the compressor in the operation of the unit
The compressor is the noisiest and most energy-consuming component of the refrigerator Pole. It is an electric motor enclosed in a sealed metal casing, inside of which there are piston groups.
When starting, the motor creates vibration, so it is attached to the frame on special shock absorbers. Over time, the rubber gaskets may dry out, which will lead to increased noise during operation.
It is important to monitor the temperature of the compressor housing. In operating condition, it can heat up to 70-80 degrees, but if it becomes red hot or has a burning smell, immediate disconnection from the network is required.
- ⚙️ Start relay: provides an initial jerk to start the engine.
- 🛡️ Protective relay: turns off the motor when overloaded or overheated windings.
- 🔄 Oil circulation: lubricates the rubbing parts inside the hermetic unit.
The service life of the compressor directly affects the service life of the entire refrigerator. Frequent voltage drops in the network can significantly reduce this resource, so it is recommended to use stabilizers.
Specifics of the No Frost system
Many models Polyus work using technology No Frost, which eliminates the need for the user to manually defrost the cameras. In such refrigerators, cooling occurs not through the walls, but with the help of forced air circulation.
The fan drives cold air from the freezer to the refrigerator compartment through special air ducts. This ensures uniform temperature in all corners of the cabinet and no condensation on the products.
However, this system has a peculiarity: the air becomes very dry. Therefore, products that are not packaged in containers or film can quickly air out and lose moisture.
⚠️ Attention: In No Frost systems, it is critical to keep the drainage hole clean. If it becomes clogged, water from the defrost will go inside the chamber or under the refrigerator.
Periodically, usually every 8-12 hours of compressor operation, the defrost mode is turned on. At this moment, the fan stops, and the heating element heats the evaporator, melting the formed frost.
Typical faults and their symptoms
Understanding how the refrigerator works helps to identify a breakdown by indirect signs. For example, if the motor hums but does not start, or turns on for only a few seconds, most likely the problem is in start relay or the compressor itself.
If the refrigerator Polyus works without stopping, but the temperature does not drop below +10 degrees, this may indicate a freon leak or a clogged capillary tube. In such cases, you need to call a specialist.
The appearance of a “fur coat” or ice in only one corner of the freezer often indicates a violation of the tightness of the door seal. Warm, moist air penetrates inside and instantly freezes on cold surfaces.
☑️ Diagnosis of faults
Strange sounds such as clicks, whistles or strong vibration are also signals of problems. Clicks can be made by thermal gaps in the plastic, but if they are rhythmic and come from the motor, this is a sign of electrical problems.
Operating rules for long service life
In order for the refrigerator Polyus to serve for a long time, you must follow simple rules. Do not place hot foods in the chamber, as this creates excess load on the compressor and disrupts the temperature conditions for storing other products.
Regularly check the cleanliness of the condenser at the back of the refrigerator. A layer of dust several millimeters thick can reduce the efficiency of heat transfer by 20-30%, forcing the equipment to work more intensely.
Do not block the ventilation holes inside the chambers. Air circulation must be free, otherwise in different corners of the refrigerator the temperature will differ greatly from the set one.
Is it possible to transport the refrigerator lying down?
Technically it is possible, but only on one side and with caution. After transporting it in a horizontal position, it is necessary to let the refrigerator stand vertically for at least 4-6 hours (preferably a day) so that the oil flows back into the compressor. Turning on earlier than this period can lead to water hammer and breakdown.
Compliance with these recommendations will maintain the efficiency of the unit and avoid premature wear of expensive components.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Why does the Polus refrigerator hum a lot during operation?
The humming can be caused by several reasons: improper installation (the refrigerator touches the wall or furniture), wear on the compressor shock absorbers, or foreign objects getting under the housing. If the motor itself is humming, it may be faulty.
How often do you need to defrost a refrigerator with No Frost?
The No Frost system involves automatic defrosting of the evaporator. However, it is recommended to completely turn off the refrigerator for cleaning and prevention 1-2 times a year. This will help remove odors and check the condition of the seals.
What to do if a puddle has formed inside the refrigerator?
Most likely, the drainage hole for draining melt water is clogged. It must be carefully cleaned with a special wire or brush. Also check if the water tray above the compressor has moved.
Is it possible to place the Pole refrigerator close to the wall?
No, for normal operation of the condenser, a gap of at least 5-10 cm is required from the back wall to the furniture or wall. Without this gap, heat will be poorly dissipated and cooling efficiency will drop.