The operating principle of Veko refrigerators: design, diagrams and features

Refrigerators Veko are popular Turkish units that combine affordable prices and modern technologies. But how exactly do they maintain low temperatures, distribute cold throughout the chambers and save energy? If you have ever wondered why the compressor turns on periodically or how the function works No Frost, this material will help you understand the device.

We will take a detailed look at the physical processes underlying cooling, understand the differences between the systems drip defrosting and No Frost, and also explain what details are responsible for stable operation. We will pay special attention to the typical “symptoms” of malfunctions - for example, why a refrigerator Veko can make a lot of noise or freeze poorly. The information will be useful both when choosing a new model and for diagnosing equipment that is already in use.

The main components of the Veko refrigerator and their functions

Any refrigerator Veko is a complex system of interconnected units. Even budget models have key elements without which cooling is impossible. Let's take a closer look at them:

• 🔧 Compressor —the “heart” of the refrigerator, which compresses the refrigerant (freon) and forces it to circulate through the system. Models Veko most often use inverter or linear compressors of the brand Embraco or Secop.
• ❄️ Evaporator is a metal tube (usually aluminum), where freon expands, taking heat from the chamber. In refrigerators with No Frost the evaporator is hidden behind the back wall, in drip refrigerators it is located openly.
• 🌀 Condenser is a coil on the back wall where hot freon gives off heat to the environment. In new models Veko is often used loop type capacitor for better heat transfer.
• 📏 Thermostat or electronic control unit is the “brain” of the system, which monitors the temperature and turns the compressor on/off. In refrigerators Veko with a display, a microprocessor is responsible for this, in mechanical models - a thermostat Danfoss or Ranco.
• 💨 Fan (only in systems No Frost) - evenly distributes cold air throughout cameras. Models Veko RNF-310 and similar ones use a brushless motor for quiet operation.

All these parts are connected by copper or aluminum tubes through which the refrigerant circulates. Budget refrigerators Veko (for example, series RCN) can use isobutane (R600a) - an environmentally friendly, but less efficient freon. Premium models (for example Veko RNF-520) use R134a or R410a.

How the cooling cycle occurs: from the compressor to the freezer

The operation of a refrigerator Veko is based on thermodynamic cyclewhich is repeated over and over again. The whole process can be divided into 4 key stages:

1. Freon compression. The compressor sucks gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator and compresses it to high pressure (6–10 atm), heating it to 70–90°C.
2. Condensation. Hot freon enters the condenser, where it is cooled by the air in the room and turns into liquid. It is important here that the back wall of the refrigerator is not cluttered - otherwise the heat exchange will be disrupted.
3. Expansion. Liquid freon passes through capillary tube (or a thermostatic valve in models with No Frost), where its pressure drops sharply and the temperature drops to −10...−20°C.
4. Evaporation. Cold freon enters the evaporator, where it boils, absorbing heat from the chamber. The cycle closes - gaseous freon enters the compressor again.

In refrigerators Veko with a system No Frost the process is complicated by a fan that drives air through the evaporator. This allows food to be cooled evenly, but requires additional energy. In drip models (for example, Veko RCN-380), the cold spreads by natural convection - therefore, the freezer compartment is always colder than in the main department.

Why does the Veko refrigerator not cool immediately after turning on?

The first 2-4 hours after connecting to the network, the compressor works in enhanced mode to reach set temperature. At this time, it may seem that the refrigerator is “not freezing” - but this is normal. If after 6–8 hours the temperature has not stabilized, check the door seals or thermostat settings.

In Veko refrigerators with the "Super Freeze" function (Super Frost), the compressor runs non-stop for up to 24 hours, lowering the temperature in the freezer to −24...−30°C. This function is useful for quickly freezing large volumes of food, but increases energy consumption by 15–20%.

Comparison of defrosting systems: No Frost vs drip

Refrigerators Veko are equipped with two types of defrosting systems, each of which has pros and cons. Let's look at them in more detail:

B line Veko drip system is found in models RCN and RCS (for example, Veko RCN-380), and No Frost - in series RNF and RNFS (for example, Veko RNF-310). If silence and energy savings are important to you, choose drip defrosting. If you are willing to pay extra for convenience - No Frost.

Energy efficiency of Veko refrigerators: classes and real consumption

Modern refrigerators Veko correspond to energy efficiency classes from A+ to A+++However, real consumption depends not only on. class, but also on the volume of the chambers, type of compressor and operating conditions. For example:

• ⚡ Models with a volume of 200–250 l (for example, Veko RCN-380) consume 220–280 kWh/year (class A+).
• ⚡ Refrigerators 300–350 l s No Frost (for example, Veko RNF-520) - 300–380 kWh/year (class A++).
• ⚡ Two-chamber models with an inverter compressor (for example, Veko RNFS-410) can consume only 200–250 kWh/year (class A+++).

In practice, consumption can increase by 20–30% if:

• 🔥 The refrigerator is located next to the stove or battery (the condenser temperature rises).
• ☀️ Direct sunlight hits (especially the side walls).
• 🚪 The door often opens or the seal is worn out.
• ❄️ Ice more than 5 mm thick forms in the freezer (impairs heat transfer).

To reduce energy consumption, keep an eye temperature mode: +4...+5°C is enough in the main chamber, −18°C in the freezer (not −24°C, as is sometimes set “in reserve”). In models Veko with electronic control (for example, RNFS-410), you can activate the mode Eco, which automatically optimizes the operation of the compressor.

Typical faults and their causes

Even reliable refrigerators Veko can fail over time. Let's look at the most common problems and their possible causes:

• 🔊 Strong noise or humming:
  • Wear of compressor bearings (typical for models older than 7 years).
  • Vibration due to improper installation (legs are not adjusted).
  • A foreign object has entered the fan (No Frost).
• ❄️ The upper chamber does not freeze:
  • Freon leakage (refilling required).
  • Clogged capillary tube (needs cleaning).
  • Malfunction of the thermostat or temperature sensor.
• 💧 Water under the refrigerator:
  • Clogged drainage hole (in drip models).
  • Crack in the condensate pan.
  • Incorrect angle of inclination (should be 1–2° back).
• 🔥 The compressor runs non-stop:
  • The temperature is set too low.
  • The thermostat or start relay is faulty.
  • Refrigerant leak or blockage in the system.

If the refrigerator Veko stops freezing, first check:

Ring the plug and power cord (there may be a break)|See if the power indicator on the panel is on|Check if the socket is overloaded (connect another appliance)|Make sure the door closes tightly (check seal)|Listen to see if the compressor turns on (there should be a slight hum)

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In 60% of cases, the problem is solved by replacing the thermostat or refilling freon. However, in models with electronic control (for example, Veko RNFS-410), the fault may lie in the control board - its repair costs 30-50% of the cost of a new one. refrigerator.

⚠️ Attention: If the refrigerator Veko with the system No Frost starts to freeze heavily, this may indicate a breakdown of the defrost heater or timer. In this case, do not try to defrost it forcibly - this may lead to a short circuit of the fan.

How to properly operate a Veko refrigerator for long-term operation

The service life of the refrigerator Veko depends not only on the build quality, but also on operating conditions. Follow these recommendations to avoid premature breakdowns:

• 📍 Installation:
  • The distance to the wall is at least 5 cm (for ventilation of the condenser).
  • The floor must be level (use a level during installation).
  • Do not place near heat sources (stove, radiator, direct sunlight).
• ⚙️ Temperature settings:
  • Optimal mode: +4°C in the refrigerator, −18°C in the freezer.
  • Mode Super Frost turn on only when necessary (no longer than 24 hours).
  • In models with freshness zones (for example, Veko RNF-520) set 0...+1°C.
• 🧹 Care:
  • Wash chambers 1–2 once a month with a weak solution of soda (2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water).
  • Defrost drip models when the ice thickness is more than 5 mm.
  • Remove dust from the condenser with a vacuum cleaner or soft brush (at least once every six months).

Special attention pay door seal. If it has lost its elasticity, the refrigerator will work in increased mode, trying to compensate for the flow of warm air. Check the tightness in a simple way: close the door, bring a sheet of paper and try to pull it out. If the sheet comes out easily, it’s time to change the seal.

⚠️ Attention: B refrigerators Veko with a display (for example, RNFS-410) do not use alcohol or acetone to clean the panel - they can damage the touch coating. A damp microfiber cloth is enough.

Frequently asked questions about the operation of Veko refrigerators

Why does the Veko refrigerator get very hot on the sides?

The side walls of the refrigerator heat up due to the passage of condenser tubes through them. This is normal if the temperature of the walls does not exceed 40–45°C. If the walls are hot (more than 50°C), check:

• Is the refrigerator located close to the wall (it should be) gap 5+ cm).
• Is the condenser grill clogged with dust.
• Is the compressor working in high mode (perhaps the temperature is set too low).

How often should the compressor turn on in a Veko refrigerator?

In normal mode the compressor operates in cycles: 10–20 minutes on, 20–40 minutes off. The frequency depends on:

• The temperature in the room (the hotter it is, the more often it starts).
• The load of the chambers (a large number of products increases the thermal load).
• The type of compressor (inverter models operate almost continuously, but at low speeds).

If the compressor turns on more than once every 5 minutes or runs non-stop for more than 1 hour, this is a reason for diagnosis.

Is it possible to transport a Veko refrigerator lying down?

Transportation in a horizontal position is allowed, but subject to rules:

• After transportation, the refrigerator must stand vertically for 4-6 hours before turning it on (so that the oil flows into the compressor).
• Place the refrigerator on its sideand not on the back wall (so as not to damage the condenser).
• Secure the compressor with transport bolts (if provided by the model).

In models with No Frost transportation lying down can lead to displacement of the oil in the compressor, which can lead to breakdown.

Why does a lot of ice form in the Veko freezer, despite No Frost?

Even in systems No Frost ice can accumulate if:

• Faulty defrost heater (contacts burnt out or oxidized).
• Broken defrost timer (does not turn on the heater at the right time).
• Clogged drainage hole (water does not drain, freezes at the bottom of the chamber).
• The freezer door does not fit tightly (warm air gets in).

If there is ice grows evenly throughout the chamber - the problem is in the defrosting system. If only in one corner, check the seal.

How to reset an error on the display of a Veko refrigerator?

In models with electronic control (for example, Veko RNFS-410) errors are reset as follows:

1. Disconnect the refrigerator from the mains for 1-2 minutes.
2. Plug it back in and wait 10-15 minutes (the system will perform self-diagnosis).
3. If the error remains, press and hold the button Super Frost (or Eco) 5–7 seconds.

Frequent errors:

• E1 - problem with the refrigerator compartment temperature sensor.
• E2 - malfunction of the freezer compartment sensor.
• E4 - fan error (No Frost).