Two-compressor refrigerators of the brand Atlant are deservedly considered one of the most reliable units on the household appliances market. Their design allows you to independently regulate the temperature in the freezer and refrigerator compartments, which significantly extends the shelf life of food. However, even the highest quality equipment fails over time, and one of the most common reasons for a sudden stop in operation is the failure of the start-up relay.
When the refrigerator stops freezing and the compressor is either silent or makes short clicks and hums for a couple of seconds, the problem most often lies in this small unit. Start relay responsible for supplying a starting pulse to the motor winding and overload protection. Replacing this part is a procedure available to a home craftsman, but it requires strict adherence to safety precautions and a precise understanding of the unit’s structure.
In this article we will analyze in detail the process of diagnosing and replacing the relay on two-compressor models. You will learn how to correctly identify a fault, what tools are needed for the job, and what to pay special attention to during dismantling. Remember that inept actions can lead to more serious damage, so carefully study the theoretical part before starting practical actions.
The principle of operation and signs of relay malfunction
The starting relay in refrigerators Atlant is an electromagnetic switch that supplies current to the starting winding compressor only at startup. As soon as the motor rotor reaches the required speed, the relay opens the starting winding circuit, and the motor continues to operate on the main winding. In dual-compressor models, there are two such relays - one for each engine, and they can fail independently of each other.
The main sign of a malfunction is the characteristic sound of the operating unit. Instead of the usual steady hum, you hear a series of clicks, followed by a short hum, after which the compressor goes silent. This triggers thermal protection, since the engine cannot start without a starting impulse and quickly overheats. If the problem is not corrected, the compressor may burn out due to jamming of the piston group.
⚠️ Attention: If the compressor makes a loud cracking sound or metallic clanging sound when trying to start, immediately unplug the refrigerator. Further attempts to turn on may lead to irreversible damage to the motor.
Another sign is the complete lack of reaction of the refrigerator when plugged in, although the indicators may be on. In this case, the relay could burn out so much that the circuit was completely opened. It is also worth paying attention to the appearance of the part: if traces of burning, melting are visible on the body, or the smell of burnt plastic is felt, replacement is necessary in any case.
Necessary tools and safety measures
Before you start disassembling the refrigerator Atlant, you need to prepare a working place and tools. Working with electrical appliances requires caution, so the first step should always be to completely disconnect the unit from the electrical outlet. Do not rely only on the switch on the body - be sure to remove the plug from the socket.
To replace the start relay, you will need a minimum set of tools that most men have in their home. The main tool will be a flat-head screwdriver, preferably with a thin blade, to pry off the housing latches. Pliers for removing terminals and a multi-meter may also be useful for checking the continuity of the circuit if you decide to carry out diagnostics.
- 🛠️ A flat-head screwdriver with a thin blade for removing the casing.
- 🔧 Pliers or pliers for working with contacts.
- 🧤 Dielectric gloves for protection against residual voltage.
- 🔦 Flashlight for illuminating the back wall of the refrigerator.
It is important to ensure good lighting of the work area, since the compressor compartment is usually dark. If you work in the evening, use an additional light source. It is also recommended to remove the carpet or lay a thick cloth under the refrigerator to avoid damaging the floor and not losing small parts if they fall.
Access to the compressor compartment
Two-compressor refrigerators Atlant have two motors located in the lower rear part of the case. They are usually covered with a metal or plastic panel that is secured with latches or screws. To remove the panel, you need to carefully bend the fixing petals or unscrew the fasteners around the perimeter.
After removing the panel, you will see a view of two compressors, a condenser and a tube system. Compressors are usually located next to each other or one on top of the other, depending on the specific model. Each compressor has its own starting protection unit, closed with a plastic casing.
You can determine which compressor is not working by hearing or by temperature. Start the refrigerator and listen: a running motor will vibrate and make a slight hum, while a faulty one will be silent or click. Also, a running compressor will become warm after 10-15 minutes of operation, while a cold motor will indicate no start.
| Element | Location | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Refrigeration chamber compressor | Usually on the left or top | Cooling the upper compartment |
| Freezer compressor | Usually on the right or bottom | Frozen food in the lower compartment |
| Start relay | On the side of the compressor housing | Engine starting and protection |
| Thermal relay | In the same unit with the starting one | Overheat shutdown |
Be careful when working in the compressor compartment. There are copper tubes with refrigerant, which can be easily damaged by the sharp edge of the tool. Mechanical damage to the tubes will lead to freon leakage and require expensive repairs with refilling, so all movements must be precise and controlled.
Removing the old start relay
The process of removing the relay begins with dismantling the protective plastic casing that covers the electrical part of the compressor. The casing is held in place by spring latches or screws. Carefully pry it up with a flat-head screwdriver and remove it, being careful not to jerk sharply so as not to damage the suitable wires.
Under the casing you will see the compressor itself with three terminals on which the start relay is attached. It is a plastic box that fits directly into the motor contacts. The relay is fixed to the terminals tightly, sometimes with a slight tension, and can additionally be secured with a metal bracket or a plastic retainer.
To remove the relay, you must first disconnect the wires going to it. They are connected via connectors or terminals. Remember or take a photo of the connection diagram so that when installing a new part you do not mix up the polarity. Then, gently rocking the relay from side to side, remove it from the compressor contacts.
☑️ Relay removal algorithm
⚠️ Attention: Do not use excessive force when removing the relay. If it cannot be removed, check for additional fixing brackets or clips that may have gone unnoticed.
Sometimes the contacts can oxidize or “stick”, which makes dismantling difficult. In this case, you can lightly spray with contact spray or gently clean the contacts, but this must be done with extreme caution. The main task is to remove the part without damaging the terminals of the compressor itself, since their repair will cost much more than replacing the relay.
Diagnostics and selection of a new part
After removing the relay, it must be inspected. Open the case (if it is collapsible) or inspect the outer part for cracks and melting. Inside there is a coil, core and contacts that can burn over time. If there are no visual defects, you can test the part with a multimeter in resistance measurement mode.
When choosing a new relay for a two-compressor Atlanta the compressor power is critically important. Relays are marked with numbers, for example, RTK-1, RTK-2, RTK-3 or R-3. The number indicates the engine power range for which the device is intended. Installing a relay with an inappropriate range will either make it impossible to start or burn out the windings.
- 🔍 Check the markings on the body of the old relay.
- ⚡ Make sure that the new relay matches the power of the compressor.
- 🏭 Give preference to original spare parts or proven analogues.
There is a common misconception that all relays are universal. This is wrong. For example, series relays RTK are often used in old-style refrigerators, while modern models may have more compact options. An error in the choice will lead to the fact that the refrigerator will not work.
Is it possible to use a universal relay?
Universal relays exist, but they require precise tuning or have a limited resource. For two-compressor Atlant refrigerators, it is better to use specific models recommended by the factory, since the load on the starting system is higher there.
Installation and performance testing
Installation of a new starting relay is carried out in the reverse order of dismantling. First, the part is put on the three contacts of the compressor. It is important to orient the relay correctly: its body is usually marked "UP" (top) or an arrow pointing up. Incorrect orientation may result in the internal mechanism not working.
After seating on the contacts, the relay is fixed with a bracket or clamp, if so provided by the design. Then the wires are connected to the appropriate terminals. Make sure the connections are tight and not loose. Poor contact will lead to sparking and rapid failure of the new part.
The final step is to install the protective casing and the rear panel of the refrigerator. Only after complete assembly can the unit be connected to the network. The first start-up should be successful: the compressor should start with a characteristic sound and work continuously, without clicks or pauses.
During the first hour of operation, periodically check the temperature of the compressor housing and the relay itself. They may get hot, but should not be hot. If you feel intense heat or hear clicks again, immediately turn off the refrigerator and double-check that the relay is installed correctly and matches the relay model.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to replace the relay yourself if you have no experience?
Replacing the start relay is one of the simplest repair operations refrigerators, which does not require special skills or vacuum equipment. If you know how to use a screwdriver and follow safety precautions, even a beginner can do it. The main thing is to choose the right relay model.
Why did the relay burn out and will it happen again?
Relays burn out due to power surges in the network, frequent on-off switching, or aging of the compressor itself. If the compressor is working, replacing the relay will solve the problem. If the motor is worn out and consumes increased current, the new relay can also quickly fail.
How long does the replacement take?
The entire process, including removing the panel, dismantling the old relay, installing a new one and assembly, takes on average 15 to 30 minutes. It may take more time to find and purchase a suitable spare part in the store.
Do you need to release freon to replace the relay?
No, the start relay is located on the electrical part of the compressor and is not connected to the sealed circuit where the refrigerant circulates. Replacing the relay does not require violating the integrity of the cooling system and does not require refilling with freon.