Independent dismantling of the thermostat in the Biryusa 18 refrigerator: instructions with nuances

The thermostat (or thermostat) in the refrigerator Biryusa 18 is the key element responsible for maintaining the set temperature. When it fails, the equipment stops freezing, works without stopping, or, conversely, turns off too often. Replacing this part will cost 1,500–3,000 rubles in a service center, but if you have the tools and care, you can carry out the procedure yourself.

In this article - step-by-step analysis taking into account the features of the model Biryusa 18 (including modifications 18C, 18K), wiring diagrams, as well as critical nuances, which even experienced craftsmen are silent about. We will not convince you of the simplicity of the task - dismantling requires care, but with the right approach the risks are minimized.

⚠️ Warning: If your refrigerator is still under warranty, self-repair will void it. Check the conditions in the product passport or with the official dealer POZiS (manufacturer Turks).

1. Symptoms of malfunction thermostat

Before disassembling the equipment, make sure that the problem is in the thermostat. Typical symptoms:

• 🔴 Refrigerator not turns off (the compressor works around the clock), but the temperature in the chambers does not drop to normal.
• ❄️ Formation "snow coat" on the back wall of the freezer (with proper operation No Frost).
• 🌡️ Sudden temperature changes: food freezes or, conversely, spoils faster usual.
• 🔌 When turning the thermostat knob no click (characteristic sound of contacts).

For diagnostics, you can use a multimeter: at room temperature, the resistance between the thermostat terminals should be close to zero. shows 1 (break) or the resistance does not change when the sensor cools - the part is faulty.

⚠️ Attention: Similar symptoms are given freon leak, a malfunction of the compressor or start relay If the problem remains after replacing the thermostat, in-depth diagnostics are required.

2. Tools and preparation

For work you will need:

• 🔧 Phillips screwdriver (usually suitable PH2).
• 🔨 Flat screwdriver (for prying up the plastic latches).
• 📸 Smartphone —to photograph the wiring diagram.
• 🧲 Magnet or marker—for fixing small parts (screws, nuts).
• 🔌 Multimeter (optional, for checking contacts).

Preparing the refrigerator:

1. Disconnect the equipment from the network and defrost within 6–8 hours.
2. Remove all food and shelves from the refrigerator compartment (they do not interfere in the freezer).
3. Remove the top cover of the refrigerator - it is usually attached with 2-3 screws at the back.

⚠️ Attention: If in your model Biryusa 18 the thermostat is located behind the control panel (and not inside the chamber), start disassembling by removing this panel. In this case, you will not have to dismantle the internal lining.

3. Where is the thermostat located in Biryusa 18

In most modifications Biryusa 18 (including 18C-3, 18K-24) the thermostat is installed inside the refrigerator compartment, under a plastic cover next to the lighting lamp. Less often - behind the external control panel (typical for models with an electronic display).

How to determine the exact location:

1. Look at temperature adjustment knob —the thermostat is always behind it.
2. If the knob is located outside (on the top panel), then the thermostat is hidden behind the control panel.
3. If the knob inside the chamber (next to the lamp), the thermostat is removed from the inside.

💡 In models with the system No Frost The thermostat is often combined with a defrost timer. In this case, replacement requires care - if the connection is incorrect, the control board may burn out.

4. Step-by-step dismantling of the thermostat

Let's look at the process using an example Biryusa 18C-3where the thermostat is located inside. cameras:

1. Remove. plastic cover above the temperature control knob. It is attached to 2 self-tapping screws (for a Phillips screwdriver) and plastic latches. Pry the cover from the side so as not to break the clips.
2. Disconnect the capillary tube (thin copper tube going from the thermostat to the evaporator). Carefully pull it out of the mount, do not bend it!
3. Take a photo of the wire connection - their order is critical during reassembly. data-i="163">usually 3-4 wires: Biryusa 18 usually 3–4 wires:
   • 🔴 Red/orange - phase (220V).
   • 🔵 Blue - zero.
   • 🟢 Green/yellow - grounding.
   • 🟡 Yellow/white - signal (goes to the compressor).

Unscrew the thermostat mounting nut (usually one, with an 8 or 10 mm key). drop.

Remove the thermostat, pulling it towards you. Be careful - the capillary tube is fragile!

⚠️ Attention: If you notice during dismantling oxidation of contacts or melting of the wires, replace not only the thermostat, but also terminal blockThis is a sign of voltage surges that could damage other elements of the circuit.

What to do if the screws are rusty?

If the screws do not unscrew, moisten them with WD-40 or kerosene for 10–15 minutes. Do not use excessive force - stripped threads will complicate reassembly.

5. Checking and replacing the thermostat

Before installing a new thermostat, check the old one for functionality:

1. Immerse capillary tube in a container with ice water for 1-2 minutes.
2. Connect the multimeter in dial mode to terminals 3 i 4 (usually these are compressor contacts).
3. When the tube is cooled, the device should show short circuit (resistance ~0 Ohm). If this does not happen, the thermostat is faulty.

Installing a new thermostat:

• 🔧 Connect the wires in the same orderas in the photo (see point 3).
• 🔄 Make sure that capillary tube is not pinched and does not touch the walls of the chamber.
• 🔩 Tighten the fastening nut, but do not overtighten - it can be damaged case.

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6. Typical mistakes and how to avoid them

Even experienced craftsmen sometimes make mistakes when replacing a thermostat. Here are the most common:

• 🔌 Mixed wires - leads to short circuit or a non-working compressor. Always take photographs of the original circuit!
• 🧊 Damaged capillary tube —if it is bent, the thermostat will not work correctly. The tube should lie freely, without tension.
• 🔧 Insufficient fastening - if the nut is not tightened, the contacts will spark, which will lead to melting of the plastic.
• ❄️ Forgot to defrost the refrigerator —moisture on the contacts will cause corrosion.

⚠️ Attention: After replacing the thermostat do not turn on the refrigerator immediately. Wait 10–15 minutes - this time is needed to stabilize the pressure in the system. Then check the operation for 1-2 hours: the compressor should turn off periodically (work/rest cycle - 20-30 minutes).

7. How to choose a replacement: original vs analogs

Several types of thermostats are suitable for Biryusa 18 . Original parts from POZiS are marked as TAM-133 or TAM-145 (depending on the year of manufacture). Their average price is 1200–1800 rubles. Analogues from Danfoss (series KP) or Ranco (A19-300) will cost less (800–1200 rubles), but may require modification of the fasteners.

Thermostat model	Manufacturer	Compatibility	Price, rub.
TAM-133-1M	POZiS (original)	Biryusa 18C, 18K (until 2018)	1500–1800
KP6	Danfoss	Universal (fastening needs modification)	900–1200
A19-300	Ranco	For models with No Frost	1000–1300

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⚠️ Attention: Online stores often sell “universal” thermostats without specifying the model. Such parts are rarely suitable for Turkish -check compatibility using the catalog number (indicated on the body of the old thermostat).

8. When is it better to contact a specialist?

Despite the apparent simplicity, there are situations when independent repair is risky:

• 🔥 If during dismantling you find melted wires or traces of burning, this is a sign of an interturn short circuit in the compressor.
• ⚡ If the refrigerator electric shock the problem may be a breakdown on the body (check with a multimeter in megaohm mode is required).
• ❓ If after replacing the thermostat compressor hums, but does not start —the starting relay or the motor itself may be faulty.
• 🛠️ If you are not confident in your soldering/crimping skills, it is better to entrust the work to a professional.

Cost diagnostics at a service center - 500–1000 rubles. If the problem turns out to be more serious (for example, a freon leak), the technician will immediately draw up an estimate. In most cases, repairs are cheaper than buying a new refrigerator.

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FAQ: Frequently asked questions

Is it possible to replace the thermostat without defrosting the refrigerator?

Technically yes, but this is fraught short circuit due to condensation on the contacts. In addition, at sub-zero temperatures, plastic parts become brittle and may crack during dismantling. Defrosting is mandatory!

How to check the thermostat without a multimeter?

You can use a battery and a light bulb:

1. Connect the light bulb (3.5V) in series to the terminals 3 and 4 thermostat.
2. Immerse the capillary tube in cold water.
3. If the light comes on, the thermostat is working.

But this method is less accurate than checking with a multimeter.

How long does it take to replace a thermostat?

If you have the tools and experience - 30-60 minutes. Beginners may need up to 2-3 hours, especially if the screws are rusty or the wires are stuck to the terminals.

What to do if after replacing the refrigerator does not stop working?

Probable reasons:

• The wires are connected incorrectly (check the diagram).
• The new thermostat is defective (take it to the store to check).
• The capillary tube touches hot parts (for example, a compressor).
• Failed temperature sensor (in models with electronic control).

Turn off the refrigerator and repeat the diagnostics.

Where to buy an original thermostat for Biryusa 18?

Official parts are sold:

• In company stores POZiS (list on the manufacturer's website).
• In spare parts markets (for example, AvtoVAZ in Togliatti, where the production is located Biryusy).
• In online stores (for example, 220-Volt, All-Zap - search by art. TAM-133-1M).

Beware of fakes - the original part has a hologram and serial number.