Two-chamber refrigerators of the brand Atlant are deservedly considered one of the most reliable units on the market post-Soviet space, largely due to the thoughtful design and availability of spare parts. The heart of any refrigeration unit is the compressor, and it is on its serviceability that it depends on whether the temperature required for food preservation will be maintained in the chamber. Owners are often faced with the need to replace this unit after long-term use or a sudden breakdown, and the first question that arises is what kind of motor is installed in their model.
The manufacturer has used various types of motors over the years of production, changing suppliers and technical characteristics depending on the year of manufacture and energy efficiency class. Understanding what what kind of compressor is on your device is critical for proper repair, as there are no universal solutions. An incorrectly selected unit may not work correctly, make noise, or quickly fail, not providing adequate cooling performance.
In this article we will analyze in detail the main types of motors that were found in two-chamber models, consider their distinctive features and help you determine what exactly is required for your case. You will learn how inverter systems differ from classic piston systems, and what nuances need to be taken into account when ordering components.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics of refrigerators may vary depending on the specific production batch. Before purchasing a new compressor, be sure to check the engine model indicated on the nameplate of your device with the manufacturer’s catalog data or consult an authorized service center.
Main types of compressors used in Atlant technology
Historically, the Belarusian plant equipped its refrigerators engines from several major manufacturers. The most commonly found in old and middle-aged models were piston compressors Atlant of our own production, which have proven themselves to be “indestructible”, although rather noisy units. These motors are of the crank type and require careful selection in terms of cooling capacity and type of refrigerant.
With the development of technology and increasing requirements for energy efficiency, compressors of other brands began to appear in more modern two-chamber models, such as Secop (formerly Danfoss), Embraco or LG. These engines often have improved noise characteristics and can be designed to operate with more environmentally friendly refrigerants such as R600a or R134a. It is important to understand that replacing a motor of one brand with an analogue of another is possible, but requires a professional approach to resoldering the tubes and replacing the filter-drier.
The division by type of control deserves special attention. Classic models are equipped with conventional linear compressors that operate on the “on-cool-off” principle. At the same time, in premium series Atlant of recent years you can find inverter compressorsthat smoothly regulate their power. This allows you to significantly save energy and operate more quietly, however, the cost of such components and the complexity of their diagnostics are significantly higher.
How to determine the model and characteristics of the installed motor
Before When looking for a replacement, it is necessary to accurately identify the failed unit. On the body of each compressor there is a metal sticker or embossed marking containing all the necessary information. You need to look for it on the back wall of the refrigerator, where the engine compartment is located. Model number usually consists of an alphanumeric code that deciphers the type of refrigerant, cylinder volume and design features.
Pay attention to the following parameters that must match or be compatible when selecting analogue: type of refrigerant (R12, R134a, R600a), supply voltage (220-240V), frequency (50Hz) and, most importantly, cooling capacity. If you install a motor with a lower capacity, the refrigerator simply will not be able to reach the desired temperature, especially in two-chamber models with a system No Frost.
Often on the sticker you can find abbreviations indicating the type of design. For example, marking NL or N often indicates the normal boiling point, which is typical for most household refrigerators. The type of starting device is also important: it can be built into the motor housing or remote, which affects the connection diagram.
Where exactly to look for the sticker on the compressor?
The sticker is usually located on the top or side of the metal casing of the compressor. If it is worn out or missing, you can try to determine the model by the catalog number of the refrigerator itself, referring to the technical documentation of the manufacturer or specialized correspondence tables.
Comparative table of popular compressor models
For ease of selection, we provide data on the most common engines that were found in two-chamber refrigerators Atlant different years of production. This data will help you navigate the variety of articles.
| Compressor model | Refrigerant type | Cooling capacity (W) | Motor type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlant 80 | R134a | 118 | Porshnevoy |
| Atlant 100 | R134a | 158 | Porshnevoy |
| Secop (Danfoss) BD35F | R134a | 135 | Porshnevoy |
| Embraco T60HB | R600a | 105 | Porshnevoy |
| LG MA72N | R600a | 110 | Inverter |
The table shows that even with similar cooling capacity, models may differ in the type of gas used. This is a fundamental parameter: compressors for R134a and R600a are not directly interchangeable without major modification of the system, since they use different types of oils and have different operating pressures. Oils for R134a (polyester) are hygroscopic, but for R600a (mineral or alkylbenzene) they are not.
Replacement specifics and necessary tools
Replacing a compressor in a two-chamber refrigerator - This is a complex technical process that requires not only mechanical skills, but also special equipment. You will need a vacuum pump to remove moisture and air from the system, a filling station with a scale for dosing the refrigerant, a torch for soldering copper pipes and a set of pressure gauges. Simply “re-soldering the tubes” is not enough - the system must be perfectly sealed and dry.
During the replacement process, the filter-drier must be changed, which removes moisture and oil breakdown products from the system. It is also recommended to flush the circuit with nitrogen, especially if the old compressor burned out and released combustion products into the system. Ignoring these steps will lead to rapid failure of the new motor or the formation of an ice plug in the capillary tube.
☑️ Checklist for replacing the compressor
⚠️ Attention: Independent refilling of the refrigerator without evacuation of the system is strictly prohibited. The air and moisture remaining in the tubes will lead to corrosion of the internal parts of the compressor and blockage of the capillary with an ice plug within several weeks.
Problems with inverter compressors in new models
Modern two-chamber refrigerators Atlant are increasingly equipped with inverter motors, which are controlled by an electronic unit. Unlike classic ones, they do not have a starting relay in the usual form, but start smoothly. Diagnostics of such components requires the use of specialized testers, since the usual “continuity” of the windings with a multimeter does not give a complete picture of the condition of the engine.
A frequent problem with inverter systems is the failure of not the compressor itself, but the control board or power surges in the network, which “kill” the electronics. Before changing an expensive motor, you need to check the power circuit and the control unit itself. Inverter compressors They are sensitive to the quality of electricity, so in houses with unstable voltage it is recommended to use stabilizers.
The cost of repairing such models is much higher due to the price of components. If in a regular refrigerator you can replace the start relay for a few dollars, then in an inverter refrigerator you often need to change the entire assembly with electronics. However, when used correctly, these motors last longer and are quieter than their predecessors.
Frequent errors during selection and installation
One of the most common mistakes is to install a higher-power compressor “by eye,” supposedly for better cold. This causes the refrigerator to start working in a short cycle: it quickly cools the chamber and turns off. For a compressor, such frequent start-stops are detrimental, and temperature changes can occur in the chamber that are harmful to the products.
Another mistake is ignoring the type of oil. If there was R134a (polyester oil) in the system, and you install a compressor designed for mineral oil, or vice versa, mix them, this can lead to the formation of sediment and blockage of the system. It is also important to choose the correct length and diameter of the capillary tube, since they directly affect the pressure in the system.
Do not forget about vibration supports. The compressor must be installed on rubber feet or gaskets included in the kit or removed from the old unit. Rigid fastening to the frame of the refrigerator will lead to strong noise and vibration, which will be transmitted to the entire body of the two-chamber refrigerator.
Is it possible to use a car compressor for a refrigerator?
Theoretically, it is possible, but this will require a complete rework of the electrical part and control system, as well as the selection of a capacitor. In practice, the game is not worth the candle - it is better to buy a specialized household compressor of the required power.
Is it possible to replace an R134a compressor with an R600a?
Direct replacement is impossible without reworking the entire refrigeration system. Compressors for these refrigerants have different valve designs, different types of oils and different operating pressures. To switch to a different type of gas, a complete flushing of the system, replacement of the capillary tube and filter drier, as well as reconfiguration of the thermostat are required.
Why does the new compressor get hotter than the old one?
Modern compressors often operate at higher housing temperatures due to increased energy efficiency and the use of new refrigerants. If the temperature does not exceed 90-100 degrees and the refrigerator freezes, this is normal. However, if the motor becomes red-hot or is switched off by a thermal relay, it means that the wrong model has been selected or there are problems with ventilation.
What is the service life of the Atlant compressor?
The average service life of piston compressors Atlant is 10-15 years, subject to proper operation and no power surges. Inverter models can last longer, up to 20 years, but they are more sensitive to the quality of the electrical network. Regular cleaning of the condenser at the back of the refrigerator also prolongs the life of the motor.
Is it necessary to change the oil in a new compressor?
No, new compressors are supplied already filled with the required amount of oil. You cannot open them and add oil, as this will upset the balance of the system and may lead to moisture ingress. Oil is added only if absolutely necessary during repairs, and then in strictly defined quantities and types.