Refrigeration equipment of the brand Atlant has already occupied a confident position in the household appliances market for several decades, and the key element that ensures its uninterrupted operation is the compressor. It is this unit that is often called the “heart” of the system, since it is responsible for circulating the refrigerant and maintaining the set temperature in the chambers. When choosing new equipment or, what happens more often, when looking for a replacement for a failed unit, the user inevitably faces the question of what type of engine is installed in a particular model.
The variety of modifications produced by the Minsk Plant involves the use of various technological solutions, from classic piston mechanisms to more modern inverter systems. Understanding what what compressors are on Atlant refrigerators in your case is critical for the correct selection of spare parts for repairs. An error in selection can lead to incorrect operation of the system, overload of the electrical network, or rapid failure of the new unit.
In this article we will analyze in detail the design features, markings and technical nuances of various types of engines used in this equipment. You will learn how to distinguish an original product from an analogue, what parameters must be taken into account when replacing and why some models require a specific approach to installation.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics and the range of components used may be changed by the manufacturer without prior notice. Before purchasing a spare part, be sure to check the markings on the nameplate of your device with the data in the catalogs of official suppliers.
Main types of Atlant compressor units
Historically, the lion's share of Belarusian-made refrigerators were equipped with classic piston units compressors. These devices are an electromechanical unit in which the piston moves due to the rotation of the electric motor shaft. The main advantage of this design is its time-tested reliability and relatively low maintenance costs. Most models in the mid-price segment still use piston compressors with a crank mechanism.
With the development of technology, more advanced models have appeared in the product line. In particular, units with improved energy efficiency indicators have begun to be used for the “No Frost” series and premium built-in solutions. It is important to note that even within the same type of design, there can be various modifications that differ in power, type of coolant used and method of starting the engine. For example, to work with refrigerants R134a and R600a different types of oils and design solutions for sealed casings are required.
The division by the number of cooling circuits deserves special attention. In single-compressor models, one unit provides cold to both the refrigeration and freezer compartments, switching between them via a solenoid valve. In two-compressor models, which are also popular with the brand Atlant, a separate engine is responsible for each chamber. This allows you to independently regulate the temperature and increases the overall reliability of the system, since when one of them leaves, the second continues to work.
Piston compressors: design and features
The classic piston compressor is the most common type of engine that can be found in old and new models of refrigerators. The principle of its operation is based on the reciprocating movement of the piston inside the cylinder. As the piston lowers, the pressure in the compression chamber drops and refrigerant is drawn in through the suction valve. During the reverse stroke of the piston, the gas is compressed and pushed through the discharge valve into the condenser. This cycle is repeated continuously until the thermostat registers the achievement of the set temperature.
Structurally, such units are divided into low-temperature (LBP) and medium- and high-temperature (MBP/HBP). For household refrigerators, which the products belong to Atlant, mainly low-temperature modifications are used, capable of ensuring the evaporation of freon at temperatures down to -25°C and below. An important element is the starting relay, which provides a short-term supply of high current to start the engine and subsequent disconnection of the starting winding.
Among the characteristics of piston models, it is worth highlighting their sensitivity to the quality of the network voltage and operating conditions. Frequent switching on and off, characteristic of start-stop operation, creates peak loads on mechanical components. That is why the service life of such compressors directly depends on the serviceability of the thermostat and the tightness of the refrigerator doors. Sealed case protects internal mechanisms from dust, but does not protect from overheating if the condenser ventilation at the back of the device is damaged.
⚠️ Attention: Never try to repair a sealed piston compressor on its own. Opening the casing at home will lead to depressurization of the system and moisture ingress, which will make the unit unsuitable for further operation.
Inverter technologies in Atlant refrigerators
Modern models of refrigerators Atlant are increasingly equipped with inverter compressors. The main difference between this technology and the classic one is the way the engine is controlled. If a conventional compressor operates on the principle of “switched on at full power - switched off,” then the inverter unit is able to smoothly regulate the shaft speed. This allows you to maintain the temperature in the chambers with minimal fluctuations without completely shutting down.
The advantages of using inverter motors are obvious. Firstly, this is a significant reduction in noise level, since there are no sharp starting jerks and the characteristic click of a relay. Secondly, energy savings can reach 20-30% compared to classic models. Third, the absence of constant start and stop cycles reduces wear on mechanical parts, which theoretically extends the life of the device. Such compressors are often marked as Digital Inverter or have a corresponding sticker on the case.
Why are inverter compressors more expensive?
Inverter models contain a complex electronic control board that converts the alternating current of the network into direct current, and then again into alternating current, but with a variable frequency. The cost of rare earth magnets and complex microelectronics significantly increases the price of the final product compared to simple asynchronous motors.
However, inverter systems also have their own operating features. They are more sensitive to power surges, so it is recommended to use stabilizers to protect them. In addition, the repair of such units requires highly qualified technicians and the availability of special diagnostic equipment. Replacing an inverter compressor with a conventional piston compressor is possible, but requires a complete redesign of the electrical circuit of the refrigerator, which is not always advisable.
Markings and technical characteristics
To select the correct spare part or simply to understand what is inside your refrigerator, you need to be able to read the markings. Each compressor Atlant (or a third-party compressor installed at the factory) has a metal tag or sticker with a code. This code contains all the necessary information about the type of refrigerant, cooling capacity, supply voltage and climate class.
The most common marking is according to the standard GOST 16317 or European ISO 8187. For example, in the model designation there may be letters indicating the type of freon: T — for R12 (obsolete), N — for R134a, K — for R600a. The numbers usually indicate cylinder volume or cooling capacity in watts under certain conditions. It is also important to pay attention to tension: 220-230 V for a single-phase network or 380 V for industrial equipment (not used in household refrigerators).
Below is a table with a breakdown of the popular series of compressors that can be found in Atlant refrigerators:
| Model/Series | Refrigerant type | Cooling capacity | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atlant SKN-100 | R134a | Low (up to 100 W) | Piston, for small chambers |
| Atlant SKN-160 | R134a | Medium (up to 160 W) | Standard for two-chamber models |
| Atlant SKN-200 | R600a | High (up to 200 W) | Eco-friendly freon, requires vacuuming |
| Embraco (Analog) | R134a/R600a | Varies | Often installed on export models |
When reading the marking, you should also take into account the release date. Older models could be equipped with engines for freon R12, which is prohibited for use in new devices due to its harmful effect on the ozone layer. Replacing such a compressor requires converting the system to a modern R134a or R600a, since their oils and technical characteristics are different.
Manufacturers of components for Atlant
Although the brand Atlant is Belarusian, the company does not produce compressors independently in a full cycle, but purchases them from specialized partner factories. For many years, the main supplier remains its own division or subsidiaries specializing in the production of motor-compressors. However, in different periods and for different markets, units of other well-known world brands could be used.
Among the most common manufacturers whose products can be found inside the body of the Atlant refrigerator are:
- 🏭 Atlant (Compressor) —in-house production, the most common option, characterized by adaptation to local operating conditions and availability of spare parts.
- 🇮🇹 Embraco - Italian brand (often assembled in Slovakia or China), known for high reliability and quiet operation, often found in more expensive series.
- 🇦🇹 Secop (Danfoss) - Danish-German quality, typical for models aimed at the European market, characterized by durability.
- 🇨🇳 Jiaxipera is a Chinese manufacturer, components from which can be found in budget lines or models of recent years of production.
You can identify the manufacturer by the logo on the nameplate and the prefix in (model number). Knowing the manufacturer is useful when searching for technical manuals or specific starting relays, since electrical parameters may differ between brands, even if the geometric dimensions are the same.
Selection criteria and replacement compatibility
If you are faced with the need to replace a compressor, the “buy the same” approach is not always the only correct one, especially if the original model is discontinued. The key selection parameter is cooling capacity. It should be equal to or slightly exceed (up to 10-15%) the power of the old unit. Installing a compressor that is too weak will result in the refrigerator not gaining temperature, while a compressor that is too powerful will operate in a short cycle, which is harmful to the system.
The second important criterion is the type of refrigerant and oil. Compressors use polyester oil (POE), which is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), and compressors use mineral or alkylbenzene oil. It is strictly forbidden to mix them or use the wrong type. It is also necessary to take into account the overall dimensions and location of the pipes so that the new unit fits into the allotted space and fits into the existing copper wiring. R134a use polyester oil (POE), which is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), and compressors under R600a - mineral or alkylbenzene. It is strictly forbidden to mix them or use the wrong type. It is also necessary to take into account the overall dimensions and location of the pipes so that the new unit fits into the allotted space and fits into the existing copper wiring.
☑️ Check before purchasing a compressor
When choosing between a new original compressor and a remanufactured one, preference should be given to the new one. Restored units often have an unpredictable lifespan, since it is not known what condition the internal friction pairs and motor windings are in. Savings at this stage can lead to repeated repairs in a few months.
Frequent problems and fault diagnosis
Understanding how the compressor works helps to diagnose a fault in a timely manner. One of the most common symptoms is when the engine hums but does not start, or starts for a few seconds and clicks off. This often indicates a faulty start relay or a break in the start winding. In some cases, the reason lies in the jamming of the piston group due to exhaustion or moisture entering the system.
Another common problem is compressor overheating. If the engine body heats up to temperatures at which it is impossible to hold your hand (above 80-90°C), this indicates a violation of the heat dissipation, a malfunction of the thermostat (the refrigerator does not turn off) or a freon leak, due to which the compressor works without stopping, trying to compensate for the loss of cold. Long-term operation in this mode leads to an interturn short circuit and combustion of the engine.
⚠️ Attention: If the compressor is hot and does not start, do not try to “revive” it by repeatedly turning it on or hitting it. This can completely destroy the bearings or lead to a fire hazard. Call a technician to measure the resistance of the windings.
Noisy operation can also be a sign of wear. Knocking, rattling or vibration transmitted to the refrigerator body indicates an imbalance of internal mechanisms or loosening of the mounting bolts. In the case of inverter models, the appearance of extraneous sounds often indicates problems with the control board or bearings of the cooling fan of the compressor itself (if it is provided for in the design).
Tips for extending service life
In order for the compressor of your refrigerator Atlant to last as long as possible, you must follow a number of simple but important rules operation. First of all, this is to ensure adequate ventilation. The rear grille of the condenser should be at least 5-10 cm from the wall. The accumulation of dust and animal hair on the grille and in the engine compartment area creates a “thermal cushion”, causing the engine to work harder. Regular cleaning of this area is the key to the health of your refrigerator.
Secondly, avoid loading warm foods into the chamber. A sharp jump in temperature forces the compressor to work in intensive mode for a long time, which reduces its service life. Allow food to cool to room temperature before storing it in the refrigerator. It is also not recommended to open the door and leave it open, as this upsets the temperature balance and provokes frequent engine starts.
The myth about defrosting
There is an opinion that modern No Frost refrigerators do not need to be defrosted. However, even in No Frost systems, it is recommended to carry out complete defrosting and washing at least once a year to prevent bacteria and check the condition of the seals, which indirectly affects the load on the compressor.
Finally, monitor the condition of the rubber seals on the doors. If they do not fit tightly, warm air constantly enters the chamber, and the compressor is forced to work almost non-stop. You can check the tightness using a sheet of paper: hold it with the door and try to pull it out. If the sheet comes out freely without resistance, the seal requires replacement or adjustment.
Is it possible to replace an R134a compressor with an R600a compressor?
Theoretically, replacement is possible, but it requires a complete rework of the system: replacing the filter-drier, thorough evacuation and refilling with a strictly defined amount of oil and freon. The oils for these refrigerants have different chemical bases. Without professional equipment and skills, such a replacement will lead to rapid failure of the equipment.
Why does the new compressor hum loudly?
The reasons may be: improper installation (tubes touching the housing or the walls of the niche), a malfunction of the start relay, the absence or wear of rubber shock absorbers (vibration mounts), or a manufacturing defect in the unit itself. Also, the noise may increase if the refrigerator is installed incorrectly (the legs are not adjusted).
How long does an Atlant compressor last on average?
The average service life of a high-quality piston compressor is 10-15 years, subject to operating conditions. Inverter models can operate longer due to the absence of starting loads, but their electronics are more sensitive to voltage drops in the network.
Is it necessary to change the oil in a refrigerator compressor?
In hermetic household compressors, the oil is designed for its entire service life and does not require replacement during operation. It is changed only during a major overhaul or when changing the type of refrigerant, which is almost impossible to do at home due to the need to completely seal the system.