The situation when a loved one Biryusa refrigerator stops freezing, and only a quiet hum or periodic clicks can be heard from its depths, is familiar to many owners of this equipment. Often the cause of such a breakdown is the failure of the start-up relay, which is responsible for starting the compressor engine. Understanding where the relay is located and what it looks like is the first step to troubleshooting the problem yourself without calling an expensive technician.
In this article we will analyze in detail the design of the compressor compartment, learn to distinguish between types relays and determine signs of their breakdown. You will find out that in most models Biryusa this element is hidden in the rear of the unit, in close proximity to the motor. Start relay is a compact but critical device, without which the cooling cycle becomes impossible.
Before starting disassembly, it is necessary to de-energize the equipment. This is a basic safety rule, ignoring which can lead to electric shock. The exact location of the relay is always tied to the compressor: it is placed directly on its contact pins. Next we will look at the nuances of diagnosing and replacing this unit.
Design and location of the compressor node
In order to find the item you are looking for, you need to gain access to the back wall of the refrigerator. In models Turkish the compressor is usually located at the bottom of the unit, often in a niche or behind a decorative panel. Visually, this is a massive black metal cylinder or “barrel” from which copper tubes of the cooling system extend.
A black or white plastic box is attached directly to the side or back of the case compressor . It is inside this housing that the desired starting relay is located. It is put on three contacts coming out of the motor, and is secured either with latches or a metal bracket. You can get to it by simply moving the refrigerator away from the wall.
It is important to note that the design may vary slightly depending on the year of manufacture and series of the refrigerator. In older models, access may be complicated by the presence of an additional cover that must be removed. New versions Biryusa often use an open layout, where all elements are visible at once.
Types of starting relays in refrigerators Biryusa
In refrigeration equipment of the brand Biryusa historically, two main types of starting devices were used: induction (electromagnetic) and posistor. Understanding their differences is necessary for correct diagnosis and selection of spare parts. Induction relays were more common in Soviet and early post-Soviet models.
Induction relays work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and require a strict installation position. They usually have an arrow on their body indicating the "Up" direction. If such a relay is installed incorrectly, it will not work or will buzz. PTC analogs do not have moving mechanical parts inside and are considered more reliable.
Modern models Biryusa are equipped predominantly positor relays. Their distinctive feature is the presence of a ceramic element (posistor), which changes its resistance when heated. Such devices are less sensitive to vibrations and position, which simplifies their installation and operation in domestic conditions.
What is the difference between RTP and RKT?
RTP (Thermal Start Relay) and RKT (Compressor Thermal Relay) is the old designation for induction relays. They have a coil and a movable core. Posistor relays (for example, the PZK series) do not have moving parts inside a plastic case and operate by heating the crystal.
Fault diagnosis: symptoms and signs
Before disassembling the equipment, you should make sure that the problem lies in the relay. There are a number of characteristic signs that indicate a malfunction of this unit. If you ignore these symptoms, you can lead to the combustion of the motor windings, which will require replacing the entire compressor.
Here are the main symptoms that require attention:
- 🔊 Characteristic click: the refrigerator tries to turn on, a loud click is heard, but the motor does not start, and after a few seconds a second shutdown click is heard.
- 🔥 Housing heating: when operating or attempting to start, the relay housing or the compressor itself become unnaturally hot.
- 📉 Lack of cold: inside the chambers the temperature rises, food begins to deteriorate, although the light in the refrigerator is on.
- ⚡ Knocking out plugs: When you try to start, a short circuit occurs and the circuit breaker in the electrical panel is triggered.
If you observe a combination of these signs, the probability of failure trigger is more than 80%. However, to definitively confirm the diagnosis, it is recommended to carry out a visual inspection and a “simple” test, which will be discussed below.
⚠️ Attention: If after the click you smell a burning smell or see sparking, immediately unplug the refrigerator. Further inclusions can be dangerous.
Dismantling process and visual inspection
To carry out the work you will need a minimum set of tools: flat and Phillips screwdrivers, pliers and, preferably, a multimeter. First of all, move Biryusa refrigerator away from the wall, providing access to the rear panel. Disconnect the device from the power supply by unplugging the plug from the socket.
Remove the protective cardboard or metal panel covering the compressor compartment (if equipped). Locate the plastic box at the end of the motor. Carefully disconnect the wires going to the relay. In some models they can be secured with clamps or clips. Remove the relay from the compressor pins, slightly rocking it from side to side.
Carry out an external inspection of the removed element:
- 👀 Integrity of the housing: check for cracks, melts or traces of soot on the plastic.
- 👃 Smell: smell the device - the smell of burnt wiring or plastic indicates an internal short circuit.
- 🔩 Contacts: inspect the connections for oxidation or blackening.
- 🔊 Sound: shake relay near the ear. If you hear the sound of parts coming off inside, the device is faulty.
☑️ Checklist before removing the relay
Compatibility and markings table
When looking for a replacement, it is important to know the exact markings. Refrigerators Biryusa can install relays from different manufacturers, but with similar characteristics. Below is a table of correspondence of the most common models.
| Relay type | Marking | Compatible models Biryusa | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Induction | RTP-1, RTP-2 | Old models (before 2000) | Requires installation strictly vertically |
| Induction | RKT-1, RKT-2 | Models of the 90s | Vibration sensitive |
| Posistor | PZR-1, PZR-2 | Most modern models | Universal, less noisy |
| POSISTOR | RT (Italy) | Imported compressors assembled | High reliability |
When buying a new part, pay attention not only to the name, but also to the number of contacts and their location. Universal relays they often have additional connectors that do not need to be used, but the basic circuit must be the same. If you are in doubt about the choice, it is better to take the old relay with you to the store for comparison.
Instructions for installing a new relay
Installing a new one start relay is done in the reverse order of dismantling. Make sure the new device matches the type and markings. Insert the relay onto the compressor pins as far as it will go. It should fit tightly and not dangle.
Connect the wires according to the photograph or diagram taken earlier. Usually the color coding of the wires matches the original wiring. If you are installing a universal relay, follow the instructions included with it, as the colors of the wires may differ from the factory ones.
After assembly, do not rush to close the back panel. Plug in the refrigerator and listen. The compressor should start with a characteristic hum, and after a while (10-15 minutes) begin to heat up (this is normal for a working system). If the startup was successful and there are no more clicks, you can fix the panel.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics of compressors and relays may vary depending on the specific batch of refrigerators. Always check the markings on the nameplate of your unit with the data on the new relay before installation.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible Do you need to repair the old relay or do you just need a replacement?
In 95% of cases, repair is impossible or impractical. Inside the relay there are complex mechanical or ceramic elements that are destroyed if they break. An attempt to disassemble and clean the contacts gives only a temporary effect, after which the breakdown recurs. Replacing with a new device is the only reliable solution.
Why does a new relay burn out a short time after installation?
If a new one starting relay fails quickly, the problem may not be in it, but in the compressor itself. An interturn short circuit in the motor windings creates an increased starting current, which “kills” a working relay. Also, the cause may be unstable voltage in the network or problems with the capacitor.
Where to buy an original relay for Biryusa?
Original spare parts can be found in authorized service centers of the brand Biryusa or in large online stores spare parts for household appliances. However, since the design is standard, high-quality analogues from other manufacturers are often suitable (for example, Danfoss or domestic PZR), which are not inferior to the original.
Is it dangerous to operate a refrigerator with a faulty relay?
Operation is impossible, since the cold is not is being produced. Moreover, attempts to frequently turn on a refrigerator with a faulty starting device lead to overheating and eventual combustion of the compressor windings. This turns a simple repair into a complex and expensive motor replacement.