Old refrigerators Biryusa are legendary equipment that still serves in many homes. Their main advantages are unpretentiousness, maintainability and the ability to work for decades without modern electronics. However, owners of such models often have questions: how to set the temperature correctly if, instead of a digital display, there is a mechanical regulator with incomprehensible divisions? Why is everything in the freezer covered with ice, but in the main compartment the food freezes or, on the contrary, spoils?
In this article we will figure out how the thermostat works in refrigerators Biryusa 1980–2000s produced (series KShD, BK, SK etc.), which knob positions correspond to optimal temperatures, and what to do if the setting does not help. You will also learn how to check the serviceability of the thermostat without special tools and avoid common mistakes during operation.
How the temperature control works in older models Biryusa
Unlike modern electronically controlled refrigerators, in Biryusa Soviet-style the temperature is regulated by a mechanical thermostat. This device is:
- 🔄 Siphon tube with a refrigerant (freon), which reacts to temperature changes.
- 📏 Spring mechanismconnected to an adjustment knob on the panel.
- 🔌 Contact groupthat turns the compressor on/off.
When the temperature in the refrigeration chamber rises, the pressure in the siphon tube increases, the contacts close, and the compressor starts working. When cooling, the process occurs in the reverse order. Adjustment knob changes the spring tension, thereby setting the temperature range at which the compressor will turn on/off.
It is important to understand that in the old Biryusa there are no separate controls for the refrigerator and freezer the temperature in both compartments depends on position of one handle. The freezer is always colder, since its evaporator is located closer to the compressor.
Where is the temperature regulator and how to identify it
In most models Biryusa temperature regulator is located:
- 📍 Inside the refrigerator compartment on the right wall (for single-chamber KShD).
- 📍 On the top panel above the door (for double-chamber BK/SK).
- 📍 Less often - on the back wall under a plastic cover.
The handle usually has the shape of a round disk with marks or numbers from 1 to 7 (less often to 9).Some models have dots or stripes instead of numbers. Lack of marking does not mean a breakdown - this is a design feature.
What does the thermostat look like in models KShD-260 and BK-150?
B In KShD-260 refrigerators, the regulator is a plastic disk with a diameter of ~5 cm with marks without numbers. In BK-150, it is a metal handle with the inscription “Colder” and “Warmer” on the sides.
If you cannot find the regulator, inspect the refrigerator with the light on - sometimes the handle is hidden under a decorative trim In models with a top location. (for example, BK-240) it can be hidden under a plastic plug, which can be removed with a light press.
Optimal handle positions for different conditions
In the old ones Biryusha there is no exact calibration, so temperature adjustment is carried out experimentally. However, there are general recommendations:
| Handle position | Temperature in the refrigerator compartment | Temperature in the freezer | When to use |
|---|---|---|---|
1–2 |
+8°C...+10°C | -8°C...-12°C | In winter in an unheated room or with rare use |
3–4 |
+4°C...+6°C | -14°C...-18°C | Optimal mode for most products |
5–6 |
+2°C...+4°C | -18°C...-24°C | In summer in hot climates or when loading more products |
7 |
0°C...+2°C | -24°C...-30°C | For fast frosts or in emergency cases (no more than 2-3 days!) |
⚠️ Attention: Long-term operation in position 7 leads to increased wear on the compressor and freezing of the evaporator, and ice “coats” more than 5 cm thick may form in the freezer.
For precise settings, use household thermometer (can be placed in a glass of water on the middle shelf). Measure the temperature 6-8 hours after changing the position of the handle - the compressor needs time to stabilize the mode.
☑️ Checking the correct temperature setting
Typical problems and their solutions
If after adjustment the temperature does not correspond to the expected one, check the following points:
- ❄️ Frosting of the back wall - a sign of a thermostat malfunction or door seal. Try defrosting the refrigerator for 12–24 hours, then turn it on again. If the problem persists, the thermostat needs to be replaced.
- 🔥 The compressor runs without stopping - the handle may be out of position
7or the sensor has failed. chamber. - 💧 Water under the vegetable drawers —the drainage hole is clogged. Clean it with a wire or a syringe with warm water.
- ❓ Temperature "floats" (either too low or too high) - a sign thermostat wear or freon leak. In this case, diagnostics by a specialist is needed.
⚠️ Attention: If the refrigerator Biryusa after adjustment turns off and does not turn on again, do not try to disassemble it immediately:
- Is it connected to the outlet (sometimes the plug falls out due to vibration).
- Has the circuit breaker in the panel tripped (older models are sensitive to voltage surges).
- Is the compressor overheated (if it is hot, let it cool for 1-2 hours).
How to check the thermostat without special ones. tools
If you suspect that the thermostat is faulty, you can test it at home. You will need:
- 🔌 Multimeter (or indicator screwdriver).
- 🧊 Container with ice water.
- 🔧 Screwdriver for removing the panel.
Procedure:
- Unplug the refrigerator.
- Remove the adjustment knob and the plastic panel (usually it is secured with latches or one screw).
- Find the two thermostat contacts (as a rule, they are labeled
3i4). - Put the multimeter in dial mode and connect the probes to contacts.
- Immerse the thermostat siphon tube in ice water. If the contacts open (the multimeter shows a break), the thermostat is working. If not, replacement is required.
⚠️ Attention: Do not test the thermostat under voltage! This can lead to electric shock. refrigerator.
If the thermostat is working, but the temperature is not regulated, the problem may lie in:
- 🔌 Compressor (does not create the required pressure).
- 🧊 Freon leakage (required refilling).
- 🔄 Clogged capillary tube (needs cleaning).
Seasonal adjustment: winter vs summer
Old refrigerators Biryusa are sensitive to ambient temperature. Depending on the season, it is recommended to adjust the position of the handle:
In winter (at room temperatures below +16°C):
- Install the handle on
2–3. - If the refrigerator is on a balcony or in an unheated room, use the position
1–2. - Regularly check the temperature with a thermometer - at low ambient temperatures the compressor may turn on too rarely.
In summer (at temperatures above +25°C):
- Move the knob on
4–5. - Do not load the refrigerator with food "to capacity" - this impairs air circulation.
- Defrost the refrigerator more often (once every 1-2 months), since the humidity is higher in summer.
⚠️ Attention: If the refrigerator is located next to a stove, radiator or window on which direct sunlight falls, even position 7 may not save you from overheating. In this case, provide a gap of at least 10 cm from the heat source or use a heat-reflecting screen (for example, foil).
What to do if the adjustment does not help: diagnostics and minor repairs
If adjusting the temperature does not produce results, follow these steps:
- Check the door seal. Over time, the rubber loses its elasticity and warm air enters the chamber. Carry out a test with a sheet. paper: if it easily pulls out when the door is closed, the seal needs to be replaced.
- Clean it. condenser. Dust on the rear grille impairs heat transfer. Gently vacuum it or wipe it with a soft brush.
- Check the light bulb. In some models Biryusa the lamp heats the air in the chamber. If it does not go out when the door is closed, replace the switch.
- Defreeze the refrigerator. Ice on the evaporator with a thickness of more than 5 mm disrupts heat exchange. Complete defrosting (24 hours) often solves the problem.
If these measures do not help, you may need:
- 🔧 Replacing the thermostat (the cost of the part is from 500 to 1500 rubles, depending on the model).
- 🧊 Refilling freon (requires special equipment).
- 🔄 Replacement of the compressor (only suitable for refrigerators in perfect condition).
⚠️ Attention: In models Biryusa before 1995, freon could be used R-12, which is now prohibited. When refueling, it is replaced with R-134a, but this requires modification of the system (oil change, flushing). Entrust this work to a professional!
FAQ: Frequently asked questions about setting the temperature in Biryusa
Is it possible to use the Biryusa refrigerator without a thermostat?
No, this will lead to continuous operation of the compressor and its rapid failure. a refrigerator that controls on/off cycles. In extreme cases, you can temporarily connect an external thermostat (for example, TAM-133), but this requires the electrical circuit.
Why is the temperature in the freezer -30°C, and in the refrigerator compartment? +10°C?
This is a sign circulation system malfunctions or freon leaks in the main circuit. In old Biryusa the freezer cools first, and if there is not enough refrigerant, it does not reach the refrigeration chamber. Also check if the capillary tube is clogged. (requires cleaning or replacement).
How often do you need to defrost the old Biryusa refrigerator?
Recommended frequency - every 1-2 months with intensive use and once every 3-4 months with rare loading. If ice more than 5 mm thick forms on the walls, defrosting should be carried out immediately. In models with the system No Frost (for example, Biryusa-18C) defrosting is required less often - once every 6 months.
Is it possible to install an electronic thermostat instead of a mechanical one?
Technically possible, but not practical. For this you will need:
- Replace the thermostat with a compatible model (for example, Danfoss 077B6).
- Connect it via a relay, since old compressors are not designed to work directly with electronic controllers.
- Adjust temperature sensors (calibration will be required).
The cost of such an upgrade often exceeds the price of the upgrade itself refrigerator. It is much easier to maintain a mechanical thermostat in working condition.
Why did the refrigerator begin to make more noise after adjustment?
This may be due to:
- ⚙️ Increased load on the compressor (if you set the maximum cooling).
- 🔊 Loosening the compressor fastenings —check the bolts on the frame.
- 🧊 Freezing of the fan (in models with forced air circulation).
If the noise is accompanied by vibration, place the refrigerator on rubber mat or adjust the legs according to the level.