Understanding what the parts of a refrigerator are called is necessary not only for professional craftsmen, but also for every owner of household appliances. When the unit stops freezing or makes strange sounds, the exact name of the faulty unit helps to quickly find a solution to the problem or correctly formulate a request to the service center. Without knowledge of basic terminology, it is difficult to understand operating instructions or repair diagrams.
Modern refrigerators are complex systems consisting of mechanical, electrical and electronic components. Compressor, the evaporator, condenser and control system are just the tip of the iceberg. In this article, we will analyze in detail the anatomy of your refrigerator so that you can confidently navigate its internal structure.
Knowing the range of spare parts allows you to avoid mistakes when ordering components. An incorrectly named part can lead to the purchase of an unnecessary element, which is especially critical for rare models of equipment. Let's dive into the world of refrigeration engineering and put everything into perspective.
Main components of the refrigeration circuit
The heart of any refrigerator is a closed circuit through which the refrigerant circulates. This is where the heat exchange process takes place, allowing food to cool. The main engine of this system is compressor, which creates the necessary pressure for the movement of freon. Without the proper operation of this unit, the system turns into a useless metal box.
After compression, the gaseous refrigerant enters the condenser, usually located on the rear wall of the unit. Here the substance gives off heat to the environment and turns into a liquid state. This process is accompanied by the release of heat, so the back of the refrigerator is often hot. Tubular coil The condenser plays a key role in cooling efficiency.
⚠️ Attention: When attempting to diagnose the circuit yourself, never try to cut through or solder copper tubes without the appropriate equipment and skills. This can lead to an immediate release of refrigerant and injury.
The cooled liquid then passes through a filter drier, which removes moisture from the system, preventing the formation of ice jams. The refrigerant then enters capillary tubewhere there is a sharp drop in pressure, after which it enters the evaporator. It is in the evaporator that freon boils and actively absorbs heat from the refrigerator chambers.
- 🧊 Compressor - the motor that creates pressure in the system.
- ❄️ Evaporator - the unit where freon boils and cools air.
- 🔥 Condenser —a grill that releases heat to the outside.
- 💧 Filter drier —cleanses the refrigerant from moisture.
Electrical system and control components
A complex electrical circuit is responsible for the operation of the mechanical parts. The central control element in modern models is electronic module, which reads sensor readings and regulates the operation of the compressor and fans. In older models, this function is performed by a mechanical thermostat.
The most important element of starting the engine is the starting relay. It supplies an impulse to the compressor windings, allowing it to gain operating speed. If the refrigerator hums but does not start, it is often to blame starting relay or the thermal protection relay, which turns off the motor when overloaded.
Various sensors are used in the system to maintain the set temperature. Thermostat or an electronic temperature sensor constantly monitors the condition inside the chambers. When the set values are reached, it sends a signal to turn off the compressor. No Frost systems also use defrost sensors that control the defrosting process of the evaporator.
Lighting in the chambers is provided by a lamp that turns on when the door is opened. A limit switch or reed switch is responsible for this process. Although this is a small part, its malfunction can lead to the constant burning of the light and, as a result, an increase in the temperature inside the chamber.
No Frost system and air circulation
In refrigerators with a system No Frost ("No frost"), the design is much more complex than in drip models. Here the key role is played by fans, which forcefully circulate cold air from the evaporator throughout all chambers. This ensures uniform cooling and no frost on the food.
The evaporator in such models is hidden behind a plastic panel, usually in the freezer or technical compartment. Periodically, based on a signal from a timer or sensor, it turns on Defrosting heating element. It heats the evaporator, melting accumulated frost. The resulting water flows into a special tray, from where it evaporates naturally.
Why does ice form in the No Frost system?
Ice is formed due to the humidity of the products and air entering the chamber when the door is opened. The system automatically removes this ice so that it does not block the airflow.
An important element is the melt water drainage channel. If it becomes clogged or freezes, water may start leaking into the refrigerator or onto the floor. The system also uses dampers that regulate the flow of cold air between the freezer and refrigeration chambers.
- 🌀 Fan - drives cold air through the chambers.
- ⚡ Heating element defrost - heating element for defrosting.
- 🕰️ Defrost timer — sets defrosting intervals (in older models).
- 🚪 Air duct damper — regulates the amount of cold.
Structural elements of the housing and doors
The external and internal parts of the refrigerator also consist of many important parts. The doors are equipped sealing rubber bands (cuffs) that ensure tightness. If the rubber band is worn out or dirty, cold air escapes outside, forcing the compressor to work without interruption.
The doors are secured using hinges. In some models, hinges allow the door to be hung on the other side. Inside the chambers there are shelves made of tempered glass or plastic, as well as vegetable drawers made of transparent polymer. All these elements affect ease of use.
At the bottom of the refrigerator there is often a tray for collecting condensate. It receives water flowing from the drainage system. Also an important element is the base panel, which covers the bottom of the unit and protects the internal components from dust and mechanical damage.
⚠️ Attention: When replacing the rubber seal, make sure that the profile angle matches your model. Universal rubber bands may not provide proper tightness, which will lead to the formation of a “fur coat.”
The case material and internal coating also have their own names. The inner surface can be made of ABS plastic or enameled metal. Plastic is more susceptible to scratches, but is easier to clean, while enamel is stronger, but can chip when impacted.
Table of main components and their functions
To systematize knowledge, it is convenient to use a summary table. It will help you quickly match the name of the part with its purpose. This is especially useful when troubleshooting or ordering spare parts in online stores.
| Part name | Location | Main function |
|---|---|---|
| Compressor | Bottom, rear | Compression and circulation of refrigerant |
| Thermoregulator | Inside the chamber/outside | Temperature control, compressor on/off |
| Evaporator | Hidden (No Frost) / Rear wall | Heat absorption from chambers |
| Defrost heating element | In the evaporator area | Heating and removing ice |
| Starting relay | On the compressor | Starting the compressor motor |
From the table It can be seen that each node performs a unique task. Malfunction of one element often leads to a chain reaction. For example, a faulty defrost sensor can lead to freezing of the evaporator and damage to the fan.
Diagnostics and troubleshooting by parts
Knowing what the parts of the refrigerator are called, you can carry out initial diagnostics. If the unit is noisy, you should pay attention to compressor or fan. A hum may indicate wear of the bearings or an imbalance in the motor.
If the refrigerator does not freeze, but the compressor is working, the problem may be a freon leak or a clogged capillary tube. In this case, the intervention of a specialist with a pressure gauge manifold is required. It is almost impossible to eliminate a refrigerant leak on your own without special equipment.
☑️ Noise diagnostics
If water forms inside the refrigerator, check the drainage hole and tray. Often the problem is solved by simply cleaning the water drainage channel with a brush or soft wire. Blockage here is the most common cause of “floods.”
Electronic control modules rarely fail on their own. Most often, their breakdown is caused by power surges in the network. To protect expensive electronics, it is recommended to use voltage stabilizers or surge protectors.
Where to find information about specific parts
If you need to replace a specific part, the first source of information should be the product data sheet. It contains a diagram of the components and a list of the main components. Also on the case there is often a nameplate with the model and serial number, by which you can find an exploded-view (explosion diagram) of your model on the Internet.
On the explosion diagrams, each part is assigned a unique number (part number). This is the most reliable method of identification. Names may vary in different languages, but the part number remains the same across the entire model range.
⚠️ Attention: The design and location of parts may vary depending on the year of manufacture and manufacturer. Always check the appearance of the spare part with the original before installation.
When searching for spare parts, pay attention to compatibility. Even if the part is called the same, its geometric dimensions or connectors may differ. Original spare parts guarantee full compliance, but analogues from trusted manufacturers often serve no worse.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
What is the name of the plastic panel inside the freezer, behind which the evaporator is hidden?
This part is most often called the “rear wall”, “evaporator panel” or "air duct". In spare parts catalogs, it may be listed as “evaporator box cover.”
What is a clip on a refrigerator door?
A clip (or retainer) is a plastic element that secures shelves, drawers, or rubber seals to the door. It prevents elements from moving when opening and closing.
Is it possible to replace the compressor yourself?
Theoretically it is possible, but this requires a vacuum pump, pressure gauges, a torch and skills in soldering copper pipes, as well as knowledge of the type and amount of refrigerant. Without experience, there is a high risk of ruining a new compressor or creating a fire hazard.
What is the name of the tube through which freon flows?
Depending on the section of the circuit, it is called a discharge tube (after the compressor), a capillary tube (throttle) or a suction tube. In everyday life, they are often called simply “copper refrigerator tubes.”
Why do you need a filter drier?
A filter drier (zeolite filter) removes moisture and mechanical impurities from the refrigerant. Moisture in the system can freeze in the capillary tube, creating an ice plug and stopping the circulation of freon.