Sudden stoppage of the compressor or failure of the refrigerator Pozis to turn on often indicates a problem in the electrical engine starting circuit. In most cases, the culprit is the starting or thermal relay, which could burn out or lose its properties due to power surges. Replacing this part yourself is a real task for a home craftsman, but it requires strict adherence to safety rules and an understanding of the unit’s structure.
Before starting disassembly, you need to make sure that the unit is completely de-energized. Electrical safety here comes first, since the work is carried out with live parts. Removing relays in Pozis refrigerators, whether classic models of the series RD or more modern ones RT, usually does not require complex special tools, but requires care.
In this article we will analyze all the nuances of the procedure: from searching for fasteners to correctly installing a new part. You will learn how to distinguish a starting device from a thermal one, what to look for when inspecting contacts, and how to avoid common mistakes that can lead to compressor failure.
Diagnostics and signs of a relay malfunction
Before disassembling the refrigerator, you should make sure that the problem lies in the relay. Users often change working parts without checking the chain of cause and effect. The main symptom of failure of the starting mechanism is a characteristic click, after which the compressor hums for several seconds and then goes silent.
Thermal protection relay can also cause a stop. If it works too quickly or, conversely, does not turn off the motor when it overheats, this indicates a malfunction. It is important to conduct a visual inspection: there should be no cracks, traces of burning or melting of plastic on the case.
⚠️ Attention: If after clicking the relay the compressor continues to hum and does not start for more than 10-15 seconds, immediately unplug the refrigerator. Long-term operation in this mode can lead to burnout of the motor windings.
For accurate diagnostics, you can use a multimeter. Testing the contacts will help determine the presence of an open circuit or short circuit inside the part body. In models with start-up relay only one of the functions often fails, which requires careful checking of both circuits.
Preparation for dismantling and the necessary tools
The success of the operation directly depends on the quality preparation of the workplace. You will need to have good access to the back of the refrigerator. Move the unit away from the wall, ensuring free access from all sides. Make sure that the floor under your feet is dry and there is sufficient lighting in the work area.
The set of tools for replacing relays in refrigerators Pozis is minimal. You will need a flat-head and Phillips screwdriver, as well as needle-nose pliers. To clean the contacts, you may need fine sandpaper or alcohol-containing liquid.
☑️ Preparation for repair
Pay special attention to searching for documentation or markings on the relay itself. Various modifications can be installed in Pozis refrigerators, for example, series RTK, RTP or RSO. Replacing one type with another without taking into account the characteristics may lead to incorrect operation of the system.
Access to the compressor and removal of the protective casing
In Pozis refrigerators, the compressor is located in the lower rear part of the case. A refrigerant pipe and an electrical cable lead to it. To access the relay, it is necessary to remove the protective plastic casing that covers the motor-compressor.
The casing can be secured using screws or latches. Older models often use Phillips head screws. Unscrew them carefully, being careful not to lose them. If the casing is held on by latches, be careful not to break the plastic clips, which become brittle over time.
After removing the cover, you will have a view of the compressor and the relay unit attached to its rod. Do not touch the copper pipes sharply as they may be hot if the refrigerator has been in use recently. Allow the unit to cool for 15-20 minutes.
| Relay type | Installation location | Mounting features | Pozis series |
|---|---|---|---|
| Starting (induction) | On the side of the compressor | Spring brackets | Old models, RD |
| Thermal | Inside the relay housing | Contact group | All models |
| Starting protection | On the compressor rod | Plastic case | Modern, RT |
| Electronic | Separate unit | Screws/Terminals | Rarely, new series |
It is important to inspect the condition of the insulation of the wires going to the relay. If the braid is damaged, before installing a new part it is necessary to restore the insulation, otherwise a short circuit may occur.
The process of removing the relay from the compressor
The most critical stage is the direct disconnection of the relay from the compressor. In refrigerators Pozis the relay is usually placed directly on the three contacts coming out of the motor housing. These contacts are arranged in a triangle.
To remove it, you need to carefully rock the relay body from side to side, while simultaneously pulling it towards you. Sudden jerks are prohibited, as this can damage the compressor terminals, which will lead to expensive repairs or replacement of the entire unit. If the relay is stuck or stuck, you can slightly warm it with a hairdryer, but not with an open fire.
⚠️ Attention: It is strictly forbidden to apply force to the wires when removing the relay. You can only pull on the plastic body of the part, otherwise you risk tearing the contacts out of the compressor.
After removing the main body, it is often necessary to disconnect the terminal block with wires. It can be fixed with an additional clip or simply sit tightly on the contacts. Use pliers to carefully remove the terminals, holding the wires at the base.
What to do if the relay does not come off?
If the relay does not budge, do not use brute force. Try to carefully pry the housing with a flat-head screwdriver at the junction with the compressor, creating a slight pull-out force. You can also use a special WD-40 product, applying a minimal amount of it to the joint, but make sure that the liquid does not get inside the contacts.
When inspecting the removed part, pay attention to the internal chamber where the compressor rod enters. There should be no carbon deposits or foreign objects. In induction relays, there is a coil and a movable core inside, which must move freely.
Disassembling the case and replacing the internal filling
In some cases, there is no need to change the entire relay, it is enough to replace the burnt out internal part. The housings of many relays Pozis (especially series RTK) consist of two halves, fastened with latches. Carefully open the housing using a thin screwdriver.
Inside you will see a trigger coil and a thermal release. The starting coil is often a copper winding that may have turned black from overheating. The thermal release is a bimetallic plate that could also be deformed. Replacing the internals possible if you find a similar serviceable part.
However, modern start-up protection relays are often made in a non-removable sealed housing. In such cases, the only way out is to completely replace the unit. When installing a new component, make sure that the markings match the original or are the recommended analogue.
You need to reassemble the case until the characteristic click of the latches. Make sure that the halves are connected tightly, without gaps, so that moisture and dust do not get inside. A loosely closed housing can cause a repeated breakdown.
Installing a new relay and checking its functionality
Installation is carried out in the reverse order of removal. Place the relay onto the compressor contacts, making sure that it is seated tightly and all the way. The orientation of the part must strictly correspond to the markings: the top and bottom indicated on the body must coincide with the actual position.
Connect the wire terminals according to the diagram that you photographed earlier. The colors usually used are white, black, red or blue, but it is better to double check the contact groups. After connecting, assemble the protective casing and secure it with screws.
Before connecting to the network, double-check the reliability of all connections. Turn on the refrigerator and listen. The launch should occur 1-3 seconds after the characteristic click. The motor should run smoothly, without humming or vibration.
⚠️ Attention: Technical characteristics of compressors and requirements for relays may vary depending on the specific modification of the refrigerator. Always check the parameters of the new relay with the data on the compressor nameplate or in the manufacturer's technical documentation.
If after replacing the relay the refrigerator does not work or the nature of the motor operation has not changed, the problem may be deeper. The compressor itself may be faulty or there is a refrigerant leak. In this case, professional diagnostics will be required.
How to check the operation of a thermal relay?
To check a thermal relay, you can pass a current close to the rated current through it and detect the response time. However, at home, it is safer to simply replace the part with a known good one, since testing under load requires special equipment.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Is it possible to install a relay from another refrigerator on Pozis?
Installation of a relay from another model is possible only if the electrical parameters completely match (current, voltage, connection type) and geometric dimensions. Using an unsuitable part can lead to the compressor burning out.
Why does a new relay burn out after a short time?
A common reason is a malfunction of the compressor itself (turn-to-turn short circuit) or problems with the voltage in the network. Also, the relay can burn out if the refrigerator is often and abruptly turned off and turned on without a pause.
How often do you need to change the relay in the refrigerator?
The relay is a resource part, but under normal operating conditions it lasts for years, often as long as the compressor. It does not require scheduled replacement, only when signs of malfunction appear.
Is it dangerous to operate a refrigerator without a relay?
Yes, it is extremely dangerous. Without a start relay, the compressor will not start, and without a thermal relay, it will burn out if it overheats. Operation without protection can lead to a fire or failure of an expensive motor.
Where can you find the relay markings on a Pozis refrigerator?
The markings are usually applied to the side or top edge of the plastic relay case. Also, information about the type of relay required can be indicated in the instructions for the refrigerator or on a sticker with technical information inside the chamber.