The situation when the refrigerator Stinol suddenly stops cooling, and the compressor is either silent or makes only a short hum, often indicating a malfunction of the starter mechanism. For owners of household appliances who decide to carry out diagnostics themselves, the first priority is to find this key element. Understanding where is the relay on the Stinol refrigeratoris the foundation for successful repairs, since it is this unit that is responsible for starting the engine and protecting it from overloads. In most models of this brand, especially the classic 103 series, access to the unit is from the bottom of the unit.
The location of the starting device is always tied to the compressor, which is a black metal spherical cylinder at the bottom of the rear wall. You do not need to disassemble the entire body or remove shelves, just provide access to the motor. However, it is worth remembering that working with electrical components requires precautions, which we will discuss later. The exact location depends on the year of manufacture and the specific modification, but Stinol’s layout logic has remained unchanged for many years.
Before you begin dismantling or checking, you must clearly understand that you are dealing with a device operating under high voltage. Errors in diagnostics can lead to failure of more expensive elements, such as the windings of the compressor itself. In this article we will analyze in detail the search algorithm, the types of relays used and methods for checking them so that you can confidently identify the problem. Correct fault localization will save your time and money.
Design features of the Stinol starting device
In refrigerators of the Stinol brand, especially in the popular models of the 103, 104 and 107 series, electromagnetic ones are most often used RT type starting relays. These devices are structurally different from modern solid-state analogues used in inverter models. They are a body made of heat-resistant plastic, inside of which there is a coil, a movable core and a contact group. It is the electromagnetic principle of operation that ensures the closure of the starting winding of the engine at the moment of start.
It is important to note that in some modifications the starting relay can be combined with a thermal protective relay in a single unit, although more often they are two separate elements put on the contacts of the compressor. Thermal protection responsible for breaking the circuit when overheated motor, preventing its combustion, while the starting relay provides the initial jerk of the rotor. The separation of these functions simplifies diagnostics: if the motor hums and clicks, but does not start, the problem most often lies in the starting mechanism.
The dimensions and shape of the relay housing may vary depending on the component manufacturer (for example, Danfoss, Ranco or domestic analogues), but the seats on the compressor terminals standardized. This allows you to use compatible spare parts during repairs. Understanding how it works helps you not to confuse it with other elements of the refrigerator's electrical circuit. starting device, helps not to confuse it with other elements of the electrical circuit of the refrigerator.
⚠️ Attention: The housings of old relays can be made of fragile carbolite, which can easily crack if handled carelessly. Be extremely careful when removing the device from the contacts of the compressor so as not to damage it mechanically, even if you plan to replace it.
To accurately identify the part when ordering a new one, it is recommended to remove the old one and study the markings on its body. The numbers and letters stamped on the plastic will indicate the type of device and compatibility with your motor. For example, marking RTK-1 or P-3 can be found in different batches of Stinol equipment. Using a relay that is not suitable for the operating current can lead to frequent shutdowns of the motor or, conversely, to its overheating.
The exact location of the relay in different models
To find the relay, you need to disconnect the refrigerator from the power supply and move it away from the wall, providing access to the back panel. In 99% of cases of Stinol refrigerators, the required element is located directly on the side of the compressor (usually on the left, when looking at the refrigerator from the back). It is closed with a plastic or metal casing, which serves as protection against dust, moisture and mechanical damage.
The detection process is as follows:
- 🔍 Inspect the bottom of the back wall of the refrigerator - there you will see a black round or oval tank (compressor).
- 🔧 Find the box (casing), fixed on the side surface of the motor with a clamp or screw.
- ⚡ Inside this box, on the protruding contacts of the compressor, there is a starting relay along with a heat sensor.
In some rare cases, especially in two-compressor models, each motor has its own automatic starting kit, located in a similar way. If you are servicing a built-in Stinol model, access to the rear panel may be difficult, and you will need to remove the lower base or completely pull the equipment out of the niche. The main thing is not to confuse the relay with a capacitor or thermostat, which may be located nearby, but have a different shape and mounting method.
Access to the relay in models with the No Frost system may be a little more difficult due to the presence of additional panels and air ducts in the lower part, but the very principle of the location of the unit on the compressor remains unchanged. Always check that the condenser grille or water collection tray is not obstructing access. If necessary, the tray can be temporarily removed by unscrewing the mounting screws.
Step-by-step instructions for dismantling the relay
The process of removing the starting device requires a minimal set of tools, usually a flat screwdriver and pliers are enough. Before starting work, make sure that the refrigerator is unplugged for at least 15-20 minutes so that the residual charge in the capacitors has time to dissipate and the oil in the compressor has cleared. This is critically important for your safety and the safety of your equipment.
Algorithm for removing the relay:
- Remove the protective casing by bending the fixing metal tabs or unscrewing the fastening screw.
- Carefully disconnect the wire terminals that go to the relay. It is recommended to first photograph the connection diagram so as not to confuse the contacts during assembly.
- Remove the relay from the compressor contacts. It is usually simply put on three pins and secured with a tight fit or a plastic clip.
- Inspect the device for external damage: melting, cracks, burning smell.
When removing, avoid sudden jerks, as you can damage the compressor leads, which are made of brittle metal. If the relay is “stuck” or is sitting very tightly, slightly rock it from side to side. In Stinol models, a situation often occurs when the internal plastic sleeve is destroyed and the relay remains hanging on the wires - in this case it must be replaced entirely.
☑️ Tools for dismantling
After removing the device, it is necessary to carry out a visual inspection. Shake the relay near your ear: if you hear the ringing of a detached core or contacts inside, the device is definitely faulty. Also pay attention to the condition of the contact pads - they must be clean, free of black carbon and oxides. The presence of burning inside the housing indicates a short circuit or overheating.
Diagnostics and performance testing
The relay is checked using a multimeter switched to resistance measurement mode (Ohms). This allows you to determine the integrity of the windings and the condition of the contacts. A faulty relay is the most common reason why the Stinol refrigerator hums but does not turn on. Diagnostics takes only a few minutes, but requires care.
Main parameters to check:
- ⚡ Coil resistance: should be within normal limits (usually 30-60 Ohms), lack of resistance indicates a break.
- 🔄 Contacts: in normal condition (horizontal position) the contacts of the starting winding must be open.
- 🔥 Thermal relay: checked for ringing of the circuit, the resistance should be close to zero (if it is not overheated).
If the multimeter shows infinity where there should be a contact, or zero where there should be no contact, the relay must be replaced. It is also worth checking the thermal protection: it should open the circuit when heated. At home, it is difficult to check this accurately without heating, so the entire unit assembly is often replaced, especially if the device has been in service for more than 10 years.
⚠️ Attention: Do not try to repair the relay by stripping the contacts or bending the plates. This is a temporary measure that can lead to contact sticking and burnout of the compressor windings. Only a complete replacement guarantees reliability.
The table below shows the main symptoms and their probable causes associated with the relay:
| Symptom | Probable cause | Action |
|---|---|---|
| The refrigerator hums for 3-5 seconds and clicks | The starting relay is faulty or the compressor is jammed | Replacing the relay, checking the compressor |
| Full silence, there is light | Open circuit in the thermal relay or broken wire | Checking the circuit with a multimeter |
| The compressor is hot, but does not work | Thermal protection has tripped | Give cool down, check the ventilation |
| Frequent switching on and off | The relay is incorrectly selected or the thermostat is faulty | Checking the relay markings |
It is important to distinguish between a broken relay and a malfunction of the engine itself. If, after replacing the relay with a known good one, the situation does not change (the humming and clicking continues), the problem may lie in an interturn short circuit of the compressor windings or its mechanical jamming. In such cases, you need to call a professional technician for a deeper diagnosis.
Replacing the relay and connection features
Installing a new relay in the Stinol refrigerator is done in the reverse order of removal. The key here is to properly orient the device relative to the ground. There is always a marking UP or TOPon the relay body, as well as an arrow pointing up. This is not just a recommendation, but a technical requirement: the electromagnetic core must move vertically under the influence of gravity and the magnetic field.
If the relay is installed incorrectly (upside down or sideways), it will not be able to correctly open the starting circuit. This will cause the starting winding to remain on for too long, causing it to overheat and burn out, or the motor will not start at all. Therefore, during installation, make sure that the inscription TOP looks straight up.
What to do if the new relay does not fit in shape?
If the purchased relay differs in shape from the original, but has similar electrical characteristics and mounting holes, it can be installed. The main thing is to ensure reliable contact with the compressor terminals. Sometimes it is necessary to slightly bend the housing mounting brackets. However, if the holes do not match, it is better to look for an exact analogue so as not to create vibration and stress on the contacts.
After installing the relay and connecting all the wires, assemble the protective casing. Make sure that the wires are not pinched or touching hot parts of the compressor or refrigeration system pipes. Plug in the refrigerator and listen: the startup should go smoothly, without long buzzes and clicks. The motor should pick up speed and go into operating mode.
Common mistakes during self-repair
Independent repair of Stinol refrigerators, despite its apparent simplicity, is fraught with risks. One of the most common mistakes is ignoring the markings when purchasing a new part. Owners often buy the first relay they come across that is similar in design, without paying attention to the operating current. Compressors of different capacities require relays with different characteristics.
Another common mistake is trying to start a refrigerator with a faulty relay using the “fist” or tapping method. This is a barbaric method that can temporarily start the motor, but is guaranteed to kill the starting winding. It is also dangerous to leave the refrigerator turned on with a faulty relay for a long time: cyclical attempts to start (buzzing-clicking) quickly disable both the relay and the thermal protection.
Do not forget about safety:
- 🚫 Never work with electrical equipment with wet hands.
- 🚫 Do not leave the refrigerator plugged in with the relay cover removed.
- 🚫 Do not use wire or foil to close the contacts instead of the relay.
If after all the procedures the refrigerator behaves strangely, makes unusual sounds or does not freeze, do not continue the experiments. Perhaps the problem is deeper than simply replacing the relay, and requires the intervention of a specialist with professional equipment.
FAQ: Frequently asked questions
Is it possible to use a relay from another refrigerator on Stinol?
Yes, it is possible if the electrical characteristics (operation current, type of windings) and the geometric dimensions of the landings match holes. It is important that the relay is rated for the power of your compressor. Universal relays often come complete with adapters, but it is better to look for an original or a complete analogue.
Why does a new relay burn out a week after replacement?
This may indicate problems with the compressor itself (for example, difficult starting due to wear-out of the mechanical part) or voltage surges in the network. Also, the reason may be incorrect installation of the relay (not level) or a defective new part.
How much does it cost to replace a relay in the compared to DIY service?
The cost of the part itself is low, but calling a specialist and his work can cost 2-3 times more than the spare part itself. However, a do-it-yourself replacement only warrants the part, whereas a repairman often provides a warranty on the work. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to trust the professionals.
Where to find the relay marking if it is erased?
If the marking on the body is not readable, you can try to find it on a diagram attached inside the refrigerator (usually on the back wall or inside the chamber). You can also choose an analogue, knowing the model of the compressor (indicated on the tag of the motor itself) and the power of the refrigerator.
Is it dangerous to operate a refrigerator with a faulty relay?
Yes, it is dangerous. In addition to the risk of fire due to overheating of the wiring, this can lead to permanent failure of the compressor, the replacement of which is not economically feasible. At the first signs of a malfunction (clicking, humming), it is better to turn off the refrigerator.